The article discusses the peculiarities of the use of phraseological units with the meaning of physical characteristics of men and women in media texts.
The aim of the work is to study the dynamics of ideas about the role of men and women in modern society, accumulated in stable combinations and undergoing revision in the media language (according to the newspaper corpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language).
A thematic classification of phraseological units is given. The frequency of their use is revealed, indicating the leading positions and gaps. The features of the use of phraseological units and the most typical ways of their transformation are analyzed. The research uses methods of observation, continuous sampling, lexicographic, lexico-semantic and contextual analysis, classification and systematization of language material. The analysis shows the strength of gender stereotypes in society, as well as attempts to change these perceptions. The use of high-frequency phraseological units strong sex, weak sex, etc. confirms the idea of the dominant position of men in society, but at the same time reflects the manifestations of positive discrimination, refutes the ideas of the strength and weakness of the sexes, about their compliance with the phraseological designations accepted in the usage. Among the units of the analyzed group, the most significant transformations of meanings in the media language undergo phraseological turns strong sex, weak sex, strong half, weak half, marriageable, dangerous age. The revealed patterns of the use of stable combinations supplement the data on the mechanisms of the development of phraseological meaning. It is shown that the structural and semantic transformation of phraseological units occurs as a result of the development of a new meaning in the context, the literalization of meaning, the expansion of the component composition, changes in standard compatibility, the creation of an ironic context.
The study of the dynamics of lexical meaning based on the data of an associative experiment is relevant, since the results obtained can be used to update lexicographic meanings and update the definitions of traditional explanatory dictionaries. Free associative experiment is an effective method that provides access to the native speakers’ linguistic consciousness and fixes the actual meaning of a word for a person, which differs from the traditional dictionary meaning and represents the mental reality of a “living” word.
The purpose of this work is to identify the meanings of the lexeme "gloves" that are relevant for modern linguistic consciousness through a comparative analysis of the data obtained as a result of our free associative experiment conducted with native speakers of the Russian language.
A comparative analysis of the experimental materials with the definitions of explanatory dictionaries, as well as with the data of the Russian Associative Dictionary, demonstrates the extension of the range of meanings of the lexeme "gloves", due to socio-economic changes in society, including the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the results of our experiment, it is obvious that such meaning components as doctor, cleanliness, protection, coronavirus, hospital, safety, medicine, pandemic, virus are dominant in the native speakers’ linguistic consciousness. In addition, the analyzed lexeme has a fairly wide range of attributes that are directly related to the modern reality: protective gloves, rubber gloves, disposable gloves, medical gloves, sterile gloves, household gloves, work gloves. In the Russian associative dictionary these reactions are not fixed. The results of our study clearly prove the fact that extralinguistic reality has influenced the nature of the association strategies.
The work draws attention to the problem of functional illiteracy. The evolution of ideas about the concepts of "literacy" – "illiteracy" and "functional literacy" – "functional illiteracy" is studied. A system of methods for assessing and diagnosing functional illiteracy used by foreign researchers at the present stage is considered. Diagnosis is carried out by measuring the level of literacy (the ability to write and read) and other key skills in children, youth and adults. It is noted that functionally illiterate adults show minimal results in simple tasks for literacy and understanding of a text message. It is noted that scientific knowledge about the phenomenon of functional illiteracy, the causes of its occurrence, the factors contributing to its development, risk groups at different stages of ontogenesis, methods of prevention and correction – this knowledge is unsystematic and scattered.
The purpose of this review is to determine who can be considered functionally illiterate; to trace the differences between an illiterate and a functionally illiterate individual; to determine the structure of cognitive deficits in relation to speech ability; to trace the causes of the emergence and development of the problem from the standpoint of metalanguage activity.
Various interpretations of the phenomenon under study are given: from the inability to understand the text being read (narrow interpretation) to the inability to function effectively in society caused by the inability to solve daily life tasks (broad interpretation). In this paper, we consider functional illiteracy as an inability to extract information from what we read and apply it in professional and household spheres. The disability in question is not caused by mental, neurological, sensory or cognitive disorders. It is concluded that the essence of the phenomenon of functional literacy / illiteracy is not clear and obvious for many researchers and teachers of different levels of education, there is insufficient awareness and confusion of concepts on the face.
The actual problem of modern linguistics is the specifics of the coexistence and relationship of languages and cultures in the course of contact interaction. In the modern world, which is the subject to the processes of globalization and indigenization, it is impossible to imagine a person apart from communication, and, therefore, questions and problems related to the interaction of social groups, as well as the correct interpretation and understanding of languages and cultures, are among the relevant aspects of the research work. The influence of globalization of cultural formations contributes to the multi–level analysis of the linguistic and cultural specifics of the most productive languages within the world community - Chinese and English.
The aim of the study is to determine the linguistic and cultural specifics of contactless languages – Chinese and English from the point of view of identifying their unique characteristics in the process of national stereotypes functioning performing the language picture of the world of China and Great Britain.
The methodology of the research is based on an interdisciplinary approach, using the analysis of Chinese and British language and culture to identify the universal and unique features formulating the national character of the Chinese and the British. In the course of the work, the theoretical material of the research work is systematized with special attention to the specifics of the formation and development of ideas about the Chinese and English peoples based on well-known stereotypes. The practical material of the work is an analysis of stereotypes from the standpoint of language and culture study, illustrating the ethnic and linguistic features of different groups representatives, taking into account the correspondence to the reality or exaggerating certain factors caused by a false understanding of foreign culture peculiar features. The research work results in the classification of proverbs and sayings thematic groups, representing the specific features of Chinese and British national character regarding to their attitude to love, friendship, money, knowledge, work, life. The analysis revealed both universal characteristics (the importance of friendly relations and love for both Chinese and British language and culture) and unique features (the attitude to money and work) of Chinese and British language and culture due to the influence of extra linguistic factors.
This study is devoted to the process of neutralizing the English language, the main means and methods for achieving it. The language, due to the fact that it reflects the level of development of the people who speak it, is very mobile and sensitive to various political and social processes. The policy pursued by the state, changes in the social system, revision of views on traditional rules and foundations - all this is reflected in the language. The change in the position of women in society and the subsequent revision of the entire gender structure as a whole had a significant impact, in particular, on the English language. Various theories have emerged regarding gender neutrality, as well as points of view as to whether the concept of gender neutrality should be pursued at all. In many English-speaking countries, policies have begun to eliminate the gender "marking" of words. At the international level, practical recommendations are being published on the use of gender-neutral language. Various rules and methods of word formation have appeared. So, they, one became a replacement for gender pronouns. New ones were also proposed to replace the commonly used he. Increasingly, they began to move away from suffixes denoting gender in words, replacing the word completely. The morpheme man has also fallen out of general circulation - the use of neutral synonyms is preferred. The order of addressing women and men was also revised. Instead of the traditional Mrs and Miss, new constructions began to be used, and in business correspondence they try to completely abandon this kind of appeal. In the course of the study, the above aspects, the main issues of gender-neutral words from the point of view of use in business and legal literature when using such research methods as sampling method, component analysis method, descriptive method and method of linguocultural analysis of language material are considered. Based on the results of the study, the main conclusions are formulated regarding the use of such words, their influence on the language, on the process of business communication.
The article discusses the features identified by the author of the use of pragmastilistic means in blog texts, which are proposed to be considered as "amateur" microrecensions on a literary and artistic work.
The purpose of the article is a pragmastilistic characteristic of the non-professional media discourse about books, which allows us to identify the axiologically significant specificity of this object through cognitive dominants, represented in the subjective-evaluative plane.
As an empirical material, media texts with reviews of E. Limonov's novel "This is Me – Eddie" were used, in which various, often contradictory, assessments of the work were recorded. Based on the thematic principle of conceptual interaction in the discourse about the book, the concepts of "genre", "plot", "language", "scandal" and "author" are identified as dominant and the means of their representation in the evaluative judgments of the review authors are characterized. It is established that the direction of influence on mental structures in the cognitive consciousness of the addressee is determined by the means of language with pragmastilistic potential. These include evaluative epithets, periphrases, elements of hyperargony, semantic and pragmatic components of utterance, negation, pejoratives and melioratives. The specificity of the discourse about the modern literary and artistic book in new media consists in a combination of various means of expressing subjective assessment both stylistically and functionally. Along with the informative and entertaining function, book blogging can perform the function of promoting a book, causing certain reactions of the addressee in case of coincidence of the conceptual systems of the author and the reader, presuppositional fund of cultural knowledge and emotionality of the way of expressing the reviewer's attitude to the represented object. The research was carried out using a cognitive-discursive approach and the method of pragmastilistic analysis, which allowed us to establish ways to implement the evaluation of the work within the framework of the identified cognitive dominants of media texts of reviews in book blogging.
The Chinese language is one of the most ancient of the currently existing languages, and hieroglyphic writing, which was invented one and a half millennia BC, continues to exist and be used today. The Chinese character is one of the most interesting, mysterious and amazing forms of writing in the world, since the hieroglyphic sign is a unique pattern that has its own origin, meaning and history. Each hieroglyph can mean both a separate syllable and a full-fledged whole word. Many of the words are derived from one or two syllables. This point is important to consider when working with a dictionary. China has long had a rich lexicographical tradition; there are many dictionaries of various types, designed for different purposes, and there are also many systems for arranging language material in dictionaries. However, three main systems are usually considered the most common: key, graphic and phonetic. The key system is historically the oldest and most widely used. Dictionaries compiled according to the phonetic system appeared in China relatively recently. This article is devoted to such a way of determining Chinese characters by their appearance in dictionaries as the “I-Shi-Kou-Zhong” system. The paper discusses the history of the emergence of this system, its application in practice and the influence of this system on the study of Chinese by foreigners, as well as a comparative analysis of the Russian and Chinese languages was carried out when working with the text of A. P. Chekhov "Kashtanka" using the "I-Shi-Kou-Zhong" system.
Results: In the course of the work, we analyzed various systems for the distribution of hieroglyphs in the dictionary; the characteristic of the "I-Shi-Kou-Zhong" system is given, as well as a comparative analysis of the Russian and Chinese languages when working with the text of A. P. Chekhov "Kashtanka" using the system "I-Shi-Kou-Zhong"; Speaking about the "I-Shi-Kou-Zhong" system in terms of its effectiveness and convenience, the following provisions can be noted: First, this system is definitely easy to use. It significantly reduces the time to search for the required character in the Russian-Chinese dictionary. Secondly, this system is a great help not only for people who know Chinese at a fairly high level, but also for beginners. Thirdly, the "System of 4 digits" contributes to the rapid memorization of Chinese keys, so it is difficult to deny that it also has a cognitive, educational character.
Conclusion: Summarizing the above, I would like to emphasize that this system contributes to the rapid mem-orization of keys, in particular, and the language in general, and is also effective in its application in the practice of translating texts of varying complexity. It should be noted that the prospects for using the Yi-Shi-Kou-Zhong system include not only lexicographic projects, but also various others, for example, it can contribute to the development of electronic devices as a method for entering hieroglyphs, words, and even entire phrases.
The relevance of the work is due to the fact that in the information society, the media become the main conductor and a kind of converter of information presented for mass consumption.
The media text appears as the main unit of a powerful information flow, in which diverse concepts that function in society are represented. The phenomenon of lies as part of the antinomy "false - truth", being one of the most significant binary ontological oppositions, in the field of mass media manifests itself in the form of manipulation of public consciousness, aimed at transforming the linguistic picture of the world. In this regard, linguistic manipulation acts as the main function of the media, displacing all others. The nomination of the most important concepts in news media texts is becoming one of the leading means of manipulation, i.e. hidden purposeful influence on addresses.
The purpose of this work is to study the specifics of the implementation of aspects of the nomination in the field of the antinomy "false - true" on the material of news media texts.
The tasks of the study include the selection of texts on a specific topic (“Man-made disasters”, “Natural disasters” and “Economics”), the analysis of key nominations from the standpoint of identifying linguistic manipulation.
The choice of topics of media texts is due to the fact that their news description is associated with the use of terminological units, on the one hand, and the observance of the principle of accessibility associated with mass character, on the other.
The analysis of the "balancing" of nominative units in the "false - true" field, associated with the choice in favor of the manipulative effect in the field of mass media, is the subject of research in this article.
The indicated research materials require the use of methods for collecting and processing information (analytical and synthetic processing), methods of classification and systematization, as well as the method of continuous sampling for the selection and analysis of text materials. The main results of the work include a comparative analysis of the “lie” phenomenon, a systematic description of the specifics of media texts, the study and analysis of the manipulative aspect in the nomination of concepts that reflect the realities in modern news media texts.
The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of antonymy in the terminology of computational linguistics.
The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of antonymic relations in the terminology of computational linguistics on the basis of their comprehensive analysis.
The research was carried out using the methods of description and definitive analysis of the actual material. As an auxiliary research method, a quantitative analysis of the prevalence of the analyzed types of antonym terms was used. As a result of the study in the terminology of computational linguistics, examples of lexical and word-forming types of antonymy have been identified. Polar prefixes are used to express opposite concepts. A classification of terms-antonyms of the professional field of computational linguistics has been compiled. According to the type of opposition expressed in the terminology of computational linguistics, antonyms function, expressing the opposite and complementary opposites. Within the framework of counterterms, antonyms with one or more mesonyms are identified. It has been established that antonymic units in the terminology under study express predominantly complementary relationships, which are characterized by the absence of mesonyms. On a structural basis, heterogeneous and single-root antonymic terms of computational linguistics are revealed. One-root antonymic pairs are formed using root prefixes with opposite meanings. In the terminology of computational linguistics, antonyms function, which differ in the following signs of opposition: direction and position in space, qualitative properties and characteristics, quantitative indicators, function performed, place, method and result of action. According to the number of components, antonymic units can be divided into one-word, two-word, threeword and multi-word. In the terminology of computational linguistics, the presence of antonymic-synonymous relationships has been revealed. The results of the study are of significant theoretical and applied importance, they can be used in lexicographic activities, teaching terminology disciplines and training courses for training specialists in the field of computational linguistics.
The article is devoted to the study of the semantic and value realization of the images of the water element in the autobiographical prose of M. A. Osorgin, the writer's actualization of the conceptual space of memory with the help of images of a large Russian river and springs, which formed the free and independent inner world of the autobiographical hero and allowed him to remain a «simple» and «original middle-Russian, from the deep interior of Russia» person in all his wanderings of emigration.
The relevance of the research is determined both by the object of study itself (water is one of the fundamental elements of the universe, the phenomenon of which determines the supposed inexhaustibility of meanings and reflections), and by the search for new aspects of studying the artistic space of the autobiographical prose of the first wave of Russian emigration.
The study is based on an integrated approach, including the use of historical-biographical, historical-literary, descriptive-analytical methods. It has been established that for M. A. Osorgin the memories of childhood, of his origins, his beginnings of life are inextricably linked with two main, fundamental artistic images of the water element. One of them is «the spring», the other is «the great Russian river Kama», on the banks of which the writer spent his childhood and adolescence. The artistic images of the element of water in the autobiographical prose of M. A. Osorgin are analyzed; their individual author’s content that is correlated with the general cultural content of the concept is determined. It is shown that in the M. A. Osorgin's artistic world «spring water» and «river water» are the most important images that play a meaning-forming and plot-forming role, semantically associated with ideas about the spiritual life of a person, his origins and destiny. It is proved that images of the water element implement not only semantic, but also axiological possibilities, reflecting both the own characteristics of the subject of the artistic image and the features of idiostyle of the writer.
The article explores the problem of creating the necessary conditions and environment for training in working with a foreign-language scientific and technical text. The classification of scientific and technical literature, the main characteristics of specialized technical texts, their types and genres, as well as the most effective methods of working with these texts are given. The main approaches used in working with the scientific and technical text are studied.
The goal is to study the factors and methodological basis of effective training in working with technical texts.
The subject of the study is the process of training in working with scientific and technical texts in a foreign (French) language.
The subject of the study is a foreign-language space, including a virtual communicative space, necessary for familiarization and immersion in a foreign-language specialized environment as part of the curriculum.
The basis is a model of a foreign-language environment that would ensure a productive transition from theory to practice through the use of new educational technologies and the correct coordinating activities of the teacher. The article presents examples of organizing activities aimed at achieving a successful result of auditing and non-auditing work with scientific and technical literature. In solving the set tasks, the theoretical analysis of the received latest experience of domestic and foreign researchers in the field of pedagogy, methodology, psycholinguistics and linguodidactics, as well as the experience of the author obtained during practical activities, is fundamental. In the end, it is determined that the scientific and technical text is more and more complex than usual. It is noted that training in working with a scientific and technical text is carried out in an artificial language environment that requires special skills in the use of professional (technical) knowledge and proficiency in an acceptable level of language proficiency.
The article describes how adaptive learning can be applied in the course of teaching linguistic majors. It is worth adopting adaptive approach when case method is deployed in classes of English-language conversational practice. Since the case method involves problem solving, and it is widely used in problem-based learning, it is recommendable to apply it when it comes to learners’ teamwork. When students do research for their case study in small groups in the conditions of distance learning, the most preferable form of their progress report is a multimedia presentation. By taking part in the abovementioned activity, they acquire presentation skills, which are assessed by such criteria as the quality of the report, its content, presentation design, the students’ foreign language proficiency, as well as the ability to answer questions from the audience. The article describes the experiment aimed at determining the best way of dividing students into small groups. To this end, all the participants were given the same assignment which involved solving a problem. The results of the assignment were presented in the form of an online presentation. In the reference groups, the students were randomly divided into small groups by the teacher, whereas in the pilot groups, the teams were formed on the basis of psychological tests. These tests help identify the students’ personality traits that underly the transferrable skills. At the end of the experiment, all the teams that participated in the experiment made a final presentation. The same evaluation criteria were applied to compare its quality with the quality of the diagnostic presentation made at the beginning of the experiment. The pilot groups made much more progress than the reference ones, and the quality of their presentations showed a much more significant improvement. The results of the experiment indicate that adaptive approach can be effectively adopted when English conversational practice classes are conducted in an online format.
One of the urgent problems of teaching foreign languages in higher education is the use of modern electronic means in teaching. Specialized programs and websites allow machine translation, the quality of which increases with the development of technical capabilities.
The purpose of the study is to determine the place of machine translation tools in the process of teaching foreign languages.
The object is the use of machine translation tools in the academic environment, the subject is the determination of the mechanisms of using machine translation tools in the educational process concerning foreign languages.
Based on this, the authors defined the objectives of the study: to conduct a comparative analysis of works devoted to the quality of machine translation and the attitude of teachers and students to machine translation tools; to consider the feasibility of including the appropriate module in the programs of disciplines related to the teaching of foreign languages.
The authors used the analysis of recent works on the specifics of the use of machine translation in the educational process. The authors' experience in this field was also summarized. The paper shows that specialists in the field of foreign language professional communication face such problems as conservatism, polysemy, lack of equivalence in their activities. One of the means of overcoming these problems is machine translation and its component part – online translation. However, despite the significant improvement in its quality in recent years, it still does not meet the tasks of translating professional and specialized texts and requires at least post-editing. In this regard, the task of creating specialized websites and applications for technical terms and texts is acute. The authors propose to evaluate the existing translation systems according to a number of criteria, including the equivalence of the translation, the number of necessary corrections, and the correspondence of the style of the original. The authors, based on their own experience, identify online translation systems that best meet these criteria. Recommendations for teaching undergraduates and postgraduates to post-edit texts obtained as a result of machine translation are offered. The conclusions suggest more active use of machine and online translation in the educational process at universities. This can be achieved by including the appropriate section in the work programs of disciplines related to the teaching of foreign languages.
The problem of mastering practical skills in the discipline "Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases" in professional circles has acquired the scale of a wide discussion. Such attention is caused by high requirements for the diagnostic
skills of a doctor, the basis of which is laid during the mastering objective research methods of organ systems in the second and the third year of medical university. In the current situation, the issue of choosing a teaching methodology that can improve the level of specialists is acute.
The purpose of this survey work is to identify patterns between the difficulties in the objective research of various organ systems, the methods used to prepare for classes and the level of knowledge of students.
As a result of online survey, a response base was obtained from 2nd year students of the pediatric faculty of the FSAEI HE N.I. Pirogov RNRMU MOH Russia at the age of 19-20 years. The form consisted of questions about the subjective rating of the level of mastering practical skills, about the difficulties and methods used to prepare for classes within a particular organ system. Such a survey system made it possible to rank both organ systems in descending order of their difficulties from cardiovascular to respiratory, digestive and urinary, and practical skills - from auscultation and percussion to palpation and examination. The groups selected according to the level of progress made it possible to reveal that students with low scores were characterized by difficulties in the majority of organ systems, and those with high scores were less labored. The leading methods of studying were practice both at the bed of the patient and on healthy volunteers, as well as individual work with a teacher.
This work is devoted to the study of communication models and strategies of professional communication for future masters of language education.
The relevance of this study is due to the need for future specialists to master professional communication, communication models and strategies for the successful implementation of professional activities.
The purpose of this work is to review communication models and strategies for professional communication in the framework of the training of future specialists in language education.
The objectives of the study included the analysis of scientific literature on the topic of work, a survey of future specialists in language education, and analysis of the results obtained.
Thus, the communication models of Aristotle, Shannon-Weaver, Schramm, Berlo and the spiral communication model were considered. The Wilbur Schramm model is recognized as the most effective model for mastering professional communication by future specialized specialists in language education. This model illustrates the overall idea of the communication process and further generalizes the idea of the other four models. Coordinative, collaborative and counteractive strategies were recognized as the leading strategies of professional communication. According to the results of the survey, it turned out that the majority of respondents consider collaborative strategies to be the most effective in professional communication, since they allow building the most effective communication. The survey showed that the most valuable criteria for professional foreign language communication, the subjects consider the criteria of typicality, relevance, communicativeness and visibility. The respondents recognize dialogic communication as the most significant skill. The conclusion of this study is that future profile specialists in language education need to master professional communication strategies and knowledge of communication models for the effective implementation of their professional activities.
The article considers the technology of supportive schemes, effective to solve multifunctional tasks in practical teaching of a foreign language. This article proposes 3 types of schemes focused on the development of communicative competence in the process of teaching English to law students. The scheme offers the learner “a prompt” - a verbal expression or some terms as a reference signal. The main function of the scheme is to facilitate the understanding of new information and consolidate it, it is easily solved thanks to the interaction of visual perception, figurative and verbal-logical memory. The schemes of 3 levels considered in the article are designed as a step-by-step algorithm in order to give students the proper skills of dialogical oral speech involving improvisation in professional communication. In the conditions of learning a foreign language by non-linguist students, namely future lawyers, economists, builders and other specialists, the skill of active speaking is the most difficult, especially since it has to be developed in the conditions of professional communication, along with the introduction of special vocabulary, simultaneously with the development of translation and writing skills. An integrative approach is used to combine basic linguistic training with the active application of special terminology and the development of the skill of solving professional tasks. The article substantiates the need to teach future specialists to participate in professional-oriented communicative situations, as well as to help students master the algorithm for applying and independently compiling a sippotyive scheme that allows them to follow logically the main set of information focused on visual perception, comprehension and subsequent verbal utterance. The method of supportive schemes, provided that models of different levels are being developed and applied, can take into a technology aimed to develop speaking skills and activate the motivation of students, since it contributes to the development of professional communication skills at different levels of communication.
This article is devoted to the regional aspect in the content of teaching foreign students at the stage of pre-university training. The structure and the content of the concept of “regional component” are considered.
The aim of the study is to develop a model of an electronic textbook with the inclusion of Kursk regional component in the content of the classes in Russian as a foreign language in the context of communicative competence formation and socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students in a new linguoculture.
To achieve this goal, a set of tasks is solved: determining the structure and the content of the textbook with the inclusion of the regional component for foreign students at the initial stage of training; revealing the nature of the impact of regional linguo and socio-cultural specifics on the formation of foreign students’ communicative competence at the stage of pre-university training; the influence of the regional component on the process of socio-cultural adaptation of foreign citizens.
In the study the following methods were used: analysis and generalization of the results of experience in developing a model of electronic teaching aids; comparative method, modeling, descriptive method, observation of the educational process. In accordance with the levels of language proficiency, the communicative goals and the needs of students, this electronic textbook presents texts and dialogues for reading, listening, grammar exercises, which include vocabulary with regional semantics. The content of the textbook includes speech (themes, situations and communicative tasks), language (grammatical, lexical and phonetic minimums) and informative materials, united by the theme “Kursk in the history and culture of the Russian people”. The presented model of an electronic textbook with the inclusion of Kursk regional component was tested during the educational process in distance and blended learning formats.
The scale of the COVID-19 pandemic initiated a forced transition to a distance learning format and the use of socio-psychological competencies adequate to the current situation in teaching children with special educational needs.
Increased cognitive, emotional and communicative loads contributed to the emergence of emotional burnout among teachers of certain educational organizations, which actualized the real problem and determined the purpose of the study – the development of a competency-based model of its prevention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
40 teachers from OKOU "Kursk boarding school for children with disabilities" aged 21 to 65 years with a professional experience of up to 43 years took part in the study. Observation and conversation, as well as standardized methods for diagnosing the emotional burnout of teachers and the content of their socio-psychological competence were used to collect data. The results were processed using the Statistica 11.0 software. Correlation relationships of socio-psychological competence in interpersonal relations of teachers of individual educational organizations with their emotional burnout have been empirically identified, which served as the basis for the development of a competency-based model of its prevention. The resourcefulness of the socio-psychological competence of teachers in overcoming emotional burnout has been revealed. These are altruistic orientation, dedication to work, confident behavior, responsibility and organizational skills, as well as the ability to control their own emotions and identify others, verbally describe them and understand their causes, anticipate and predict the consequences of other people's behavior. The structural and procedural content of the competency-based model for the prevention of emotional burnout is determined: target, organizational-content and evaluative-effective blocks, stages of implementation and methods of prevention, as well as evaluation criteria.
Recently, social networks have been increasingly influencing the formation of socio-psychological attitudes of adolescents, who find it extremely difficult to successfully socialize in modern socio-economic conditions. Unfortunately, often the impact of the Internet and social networks on adolescents is detrimental and complicates the process of socialization, forms dependence, blocks the possibility of solving personal problems of a teenager.
The aim of the study was to study the conditions for the formation of positive socio-psychological attitudes of adolescents in the context of the influence of social networks.
Empirically, it has been proven that the amount of time spent by teenagers on the Internet directly affects the content of their socio-psychological attitudes. The more students spend time on the Internet, the more pronounced their dominance of Self-orientation. This type of orientation as a priority setting determines the orientation of adolescents to material values, enrichment and consumption, satisfaction of personal interests, achievement of high social status and prestige. Also, this category of adolescents showed a tendency to increase the indicator of selfishness, a strong orientation towards money, for which you can buy any life, love and happiness. Since adolescents with predominant negative socio-psychological attitudes need specially organized psychological and pedagogical support, we have developed a program that includes diagnostic, correctional and developmental, educational and preventive work with students. The program of psychological and pedagogical support is the basis for creating psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the gradual transformation of negative socio-psychological attitudes of schoolchildren into positive attitudes for the development of a self-sufficient, harmoniously developed personality of a teenager.
The article is devoted to the study of the tendency to dependent behavior in deviant teenagers. Modern realities lead to the fact that there is an increase in the number of people who have deviant behaviors and an increased propensity for the use of psychoactive substances. In addition, the number of asocial families whose children are also at risk of deviant and dependent behaviours is increasing. In this work, dependent behavior refers to the individual’s desire to escape reality by changing his or her mental state through the use of chemicals.
The purpose of the study was to study addiction in deviant teenagers.
The main tasks were to consider the concepts of deviant and dependent behavior of adolescents, as well as to find the relationship between these parameters. Empirical research methods (tests, conversation, observation, experiment), data processing methods (r-Spirman correlation coefficient) and interpretation methods (structural description) were used to collect information and test the hypothesis.
In our work we assume, that there is a link between dependent and deviant forms of behavior, namely: teenagers with addictive and autoaggressive forms of behavior expressed a tendency to use drugs and alcohol; Adolescents with delinquent behaviors have a tendency to consume alcohol, and adolescents with aggressive behaviors are prone to the risk of developing psychological dependence on alcohol products. The conducted research points to the need to conduct comprehensive psycho-corrective work aimed at reducing the manifestation of deviant forms of behavior and, as a result, reducing the risk of addiction to dependent behavior.
