Purpose of research is to study the phenomenon of language at various stages of the development of human society from the position of natural-artificial. The role and significance of the human will and mind in the process of theoretical building of language and practical mastery of it is determined not only as a means of communication, but also as a specific space that ensures the perfection of human nature and creates conditions for the comparison and analysis of various languages, the implementation of scientific activities and the formation of culture as a whole.
Methods. The research uses the method of contextual, hermeneutic, historical and logical analysis of theoretical activities and practical developments on the topic. It is based on a linguophilosophical approach to the consideration of human efforts and achievements in relation to language and the results of what was obtained through language and contributed to the development of science and art.
Results. The article presents the main stages of human comprehension of the essence of languages, their interrelation and influence on the human spirit. A new approach to understanding the phenomenon of text is proposed. In solving the tasks set, a theoretical analysis of the latest experience of domestic and foreign researchers in the field of pedagogy, methodology, philosophy, psycholinguistics and linguodidactics, as well as the author's experience gained in the course of practical activity, was carried out.
Conclusion. Ultimately, it is determined that through the language naturally inherent in man, as a result of purposeful theoretical and practical activities, the work of the mind and spirit, a person's self-consciousness is formed in the natural-spiritual-historical reality, a program for the development of man and society is carried out. It is said about the modern understanding of the text as a new space for thinking and development of man and society in a constantly changing civilizational paradigm.

The purpose of research is to analyze the phenomenon of internal speech when reconstructing the experimental situation of the verbal interference effect in the course of solving experimental problems requiring the participation of internal speech.
Methods. To reach the purpose and objectives of the research, the authors made up an experimental technique for creating the effect of verbal interference, which includes 4 stages. At the first stage, listening to the text was accompanied by the mental pronunciation of the poem. At the second stage, listening to the text was accompanied in parallel by an ordinal score. At the third stage, listening to the text was accompanied by a parallel internal reproduction of the poem memorized by heart. At the fourth stage, the text was listened to for control verification. The experiment engaged 22 people, first year students of two groups from Southwestern State University. Both descriptive and discursive texts had been selected for the experiment. As a result, 176 protocols of interrogations of the experimenter and introspection of the subjects were collected.
The results of the experiment showed in favor of a decrease in reproduction rates in situation of introducing an additional task in the break between memorization and playback. The interference effect takes place when similar tasks are presented.
Conclusion. The experimental study allowed to conclude that internal speech depends on the level of complexity and the nature of the problem being solved: internal speech can have both expanded and reduced forms. The internal speech mechanism is characterized by latent verbalization, which is the result of the entire ontogenetic development of an individual language system with the interiorization of both language and other sign systems. 

The article discusses the problem of studying knowledge, as well as the role of different types of knowledge in the text comprehension. In terms of theory, the purpose of this paper is to review the scientific literature on the problem of knowledge, their classification. On the practical side, the purpose of the article is to analyze the role of different types of knowledge in the process of the comprehension of a particular text when reading by a study population, as well as to identify some strategies and principles that students could be guided by when faced with the problem of adequate perception and comprehension of foreign-language texts.
The paper applied the method of experimental interpretative observation using a private psycholinguistic empirical questionnaire method, involving interviewing and conversation with subjects under study, during which actual data were obtained. On the basis of these empirical data, the main theoretical and practical conclusions were built
The article analyzed a certain amount of scientific literature on the problem of knowledge and its classification.
It was found out that the problem of knowledge had been dealt with for a long time and there are quite a lot of controversial and unresolved issues in this area: problems of storing, using and acquiring knowledge. It was also found in the work that there are quite a large number of classifications of knowledge, the bases for these classifications, which often overlap.
Based on the results of the practical study, some conclusions were drawn. Those conclusions imply that in the process of semantic perception and comprehension of the text when reading, which is an active process, the study population activate and apply numerous knowledge. In the process of reading the text, they also resort to certain strategies and principles of working with it. This allowed us to develop certain recommendations that students could apply when comprehending foreign-language text information. This problem is highly relevant due to the fact that the problem of adequate perception and comprehension of the text is important as one of the problems that determine the effectiveness of both teaching and learning a foreign language in an educational institution. In addition, knowledge of strategies and principles of understanding textual information could facilitate communication in a foreign language in real speech situations.

The article is devoted to the problem of the role of speech activity in the formation and transformation of culture. To solve this problem, the author substantiates the need to determine the principles of functioning of speech activity as a social phenomenon. Based on a comparison of the conceptual provisions of activity theories, psychological and sociological, the author determines the specificity of speech activity as social (self-regulatory); compares the principles of studying the “life-world” in sociology and the “image of the world” in psychology as the implementation of a “life program”; defines the basic principles of ethnopsycholinguistic research of the “image of the world” as a regulating mechanism of human and society activity; argues for the introduction of the category of motivational and active salience into the ethnopsycholinguistic study of values. Understanding the “image of the world” as a situation of correlating activity with reality allows us to determine the principles of organization and functioning of speech activity as social or self-regulatory. Based on the role of speech activity in the formation and functioning of the “image of the world,” interdisciplinary problems of the essence and conditions for the formation of personality and society are solved. To do this, it is proposed to introduce the category of motivational and functional significance, established on the basis of the data of an associative experiment, into the modeling of the structure and content of the actual psychological meaning (meaning) of values as an attitude towards action in a certain direction. A special role is given to the interpretation of emotional speech actions, considered as a manifestation of attitude to the conditions of activity; as well as the “effective” component, the content of which is associated with understanding the situation from the point of view of methods (operations) of action. The fundamentally interdisciplinary nature of the object of study - speech action as a social one - makes it possible to use the proposed model in the study of various aspects of cognition (psychological, sociological, cultural, political science, etc.) and thereby offers a verbal methodology for studying interdisciplinary problems of cognition.

The article considers the problem of neologisms functioning in mass media on the material of image advertising texts. The relevance is determined by the importance of advertising communication as an integral part of modern society, as well as the need to study the peculiarities of compositional structure of polycode texts of image advertising, in particular, correlation of verbal and nonverbal parts of an advertising text involved in the process of influencing an individual to manipulate both the collective behavior and consciousness.
Development of globalization processes, availability of Internet and mass media could not but affect the advertising language having transformed it by introducing neologisms which are used in everyday language but not quite familiar to the majority. Newly coined words can be both Russian derivatives and borrowings. The purpose of the research is to study some peculiarities of neologisms usage in polycode texts of image advertising as well as to define a system forming factor in the structure of verbal/nonverbal that influences formation of an advertising objects image in an individual lexicon. The objectives of the study are to consider the notion of image, image advertising and its structural and compositional features along with the analysis of cognitive-psychological influence of images formed by neologisms combined with iconic signs on an individual.
The need in reasoned influence on the individual when advertising has led to hybridization of the advertising text which became a complex and integrated textual entity with the integration of verbal and non-verbal elements.
The analysis of image advertising language material showed that neologisms when correlating with other verbal and visual/graphic elements develop and/or adapt associative connections and internal images behind the image in an individual lexicon

The article attempts to describe and identify the linguistic means of expressing the gender aspect in the lyrics of V. M. Tushnova. This is due to the fact that the consideration of linguistic means of expressing the gender aspect in a lyrical work will allow not only to analyze the means of representation in the text, but also in speech. The analysis of language structures allows us to obtain information about the role gender plays in a particular culture, what behavioral norms for men and women are fixed in texts of different types, how the idea of gender norms, masculinity and femininity changes over time, what stylistic features can be attributed to predominantly female or predominantly male, how it is understood masculinity and femininity in different languages and cultures, how gender identity affects language acquisition, with which fragments and thematic areas of the linguistic picture of the world it is associated.

The research material is also relevant for the stylistics and hermeneutics of a literary text, as it allows us to see the ways of lexical development of the image of a man and a woman in a poetic text, to trace the emergence of associative meanings, to identify which male images are present in female poetry

This article deals with the problem of the non-prepositional members of the French narrative sentence. The main goal is to clarify the basic principles of the positioning of the subject and the complement, their interchangeability, the principles of localization in written speech. Within the framework of the work, descriptive, comparativehistorical, comparative and semantic-stylistic methods of language research were used. The results of the analysis of grammatical reference books and fiction of the XVIII-XX centuries made it possible to prove the connection of the position of the subject and the complement with their syntactic function. The semantic component in the expression of syntactic relations is analyzed. Advanced hypothesis were verified with the examples of four translations of the classic Russian novel of the XIX century. The research will expand the comprehension of subject and complement in the French narrative sentence and, perhaps, encourage linguists to further study this phenomenon not only in analytical, but also in inflectional languages. 

An urgent problem of modern cognitive sciences is the rethinking of the essence of the main processes of translation activity. The classical consideration of linguistic transformations within the framework of linguistics proper is replaced by their presentation as evidence of the activation of the cognitive structures of the translator's consciousness. In this article, from the position of the cognitive approach, the issue of the functioning of various types of concepts and the implementation of cognitive work procedures with them in the process of applying translation transformations is considered.
The purpose of this article is an attempt to create a cognitive model of translation transformations describing various aspects of thought-language interaction, as well as an analysis of translation transformations according to the developed model. This model provides an opportunity to reveal the dynamic aspects of the translation process, to explain the essence of translation activity as a whole.
The objectives of this work include the study of theoretical works on the research topic, the disclosure of the concept of translation transformations, the analysis of types of transformations and their identification in the original text and the translation text, the definition of key points of the relationship of cognitive units and verbal meanings.
A consistent study of the cognitive foundations of translation transformations was carried out using the methods of conceptual analysis, comparative analysis of the original and the translation texts, namely on the material of Jane Austen's novel "Pride and Prejudice" and its translation by I.S. Marshak. The illustrative material is represented by examples that were selected by the method of continuous sampling from texts.
The results obtained allow us to conclude that the use of translation transformations can change the type of concept and the field of knowledge, as well as involve another cognitive mechanism.

The article is devoted to analysis of Chinese phraseological units as carriers of the embodiment of universal and unique cultural information. The author explores the national and cultural content of a number of Chinese phraseological units, which are based on the symbolic meaning of plants (meihua, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pinetree), real and mythical animals (dragon, phoenix, tortoise, qilin, tiger).
The relevance of the work is due to the necessity of study Chinese idioms from the point of linguoculturological approach, to define the cultural connotation contained in these phraseological units. Chinese phraseological units containing Chinese characters representing plants and animals are being studied in the aspect of their representation of national and cultural content. Revealing the national and cultural connotations reflected in Chinese idioms, the author actualizes the content of nationally specific concepts that are important in the traditional culture of the Chinese people. The conducted research pragmatically contributes to the effectiveness of intercultural communication, especially in the context of modern global sociocultural transformations. The study of the semantics of phraseological units is illustrated by examples from literary works in ancient Chinese and modern Chinese and examples from Chinese sentence writing sites. The study of the semanteme of phraseological units is illustrated by examples from literary works in ancient Chinese and modern Chinese and examples from Chinese sentence writing sites. The author concludes that phraseological units represent the national and cultural content of the world image of the Chinese people, demonstrating their traditions, customs, history and worldview.

The article presents the technology of comprehensive work with general scientific text while studying the language of specialty by foreign students of engineering and technical field of preparation at the pre-university stage.
The relevance of the study is determined by the scientific, theoretical and practical significance of the problems associated with the formation of competencies of foreigners necessary for communication in educational, scientific and professional spheres. The difficulty of foreign speakers’ perception of lexical and grammatical structures, understanding of an educational general scientific text and its production require teachers to use an effective methodological apparatus already at the stage of pre-university preparation.
The novelty and scientific value of the research lies in the development of a system for working with the text in the language of specialty using tables and schemes that stimulate cognitive activity. The development and testing of a system for working with general scientific text using schemes that stimulate cognitive activity was carried out on the basis of Southwest State University as part of teaching the language of specialty to foreign students of e engineering and technical field of preparation at the pre-university stage.
In the process of research, theoretical, empirical, pedagogical methods were used, such as analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, modeling, as well as observation of the educational process. The technology of comprehensive work with general scientific text is presented on the material of the text “Classification of inorganic substances”, studied in the topic “Classification of objects and phenomena” in the course of the discipline “Language of the educational and scientific sphere of communication” (engineering and technical field of preparation).
The presented technology for working with general scientific text using tables and schemes contributes to the effective achievement of educational goals, development of student’s professional and communicative competence.

The paper considers the specifics of forming learner autonomy skills, which are an important prerequisite for successful human activity in various spheres of modern education. The purpose of the study is to investigate how learner autonomy can be formed when linguistics students are taught Writing Practice and to substantiate the efficiency of the authors’ course in forming learner autonomy among linguistic students. Throughout an experiment that was run during one semester in groups of linguistics students, it was proved that the learner autonomy developed using specifically designed didactic resources, which are described in detail in the paper, resulted in the learners showing significantly improved writing skills. It can be concluded that learner autonomy, which is formed in the course of an integrated process, encourages more intense involvement of students in educational activities, e.g. searching for and processing information, completing assignments to develop discussion and argumentation abilities, etc. All in all, it eventually broadens the student’s mind and stimulates more effective acquisition of the desired skills.

The problem of formation, course, prevention and rehabilitation of computer gambling addiction has been actively studied in the last decade. However, there is a shortage of valid and reliable methods for identifying a tendency to computer gambling addiction. The article is devoted to the study of the features of oculomotor reactions as markers of the risk of computer gambling addiction, as well as to the disclosure of the diagnostic potential of hardware methods, in particular the oculography method, in the early diagnosis of computer gambling.
Purpose of the study. To reveal the features of oculomotor reactions in the perception of static images in boys and girls with a tendency to game computer addiction.
Methods. To assess oculomotor reactions (fixation duration, number of fixations, and gaze fixation latency), we used the GP3 Gazepoint remote software and hardware system for assessing oculomotor reactions. To assess the tendency to game computer addiction, we used the following methods: clinical screening diagnostics of addictive and addictive behavior by I.S. Lukyantseva, V.A. Ruzhenkov; Internet Gaming Disorder Pontes, O. Kiraly, Z. Demetrovics, M.D. Griffiths (adapted by A.A. Petrova, N.B. Chernyak); screening diagnostics of computer gambling addiction L.N. Yurieva, T.Yu. Bolbot.
Results. As a result of the study, we identified the features of oculomotor reactions that are characteristic of people with different experience in gaming (gamers, e-sportsmen who do not have experience in gaming), and analyzed their relationship with a tendency to computer gaming addiction. We have identified the most significant areas of interest for assessing oculomotor reactions (the area of control of the game action, the area of expectation of the game action, the peripheral area). A connection was found between the level of propensity for gaming computer addiction and the number and duration of fixations on stimuli containing gaming achievements and screenshots of eSports disciplines (Dota2, CS:GO, Hearthstone).
Conclusion. The results obtained will make it possible to create guidelines for the selection of static images of a certain structure, as well as to develop a hardware method for diagnosing a tendency to game computer addiction

The purpose of the study. The relevance of this study is related to the importance of using the potential of leadership in the process of mastering professional competencies by students-conflictologists.
The purpose of our work is a theoretical and experimental study of leadership abilities and the possibilities of their development in future conflictologists in the conditions of mastering practical professional activity on the basis of the Educational and Practical Center for Conflict Resolution of Southwestern State University (UPCC Southwestern State University).
Methods. Methodology «The need to achieve a goal» (Yu. Orlov), «Methodology for diagnosing motivation for success» (T. Ehlers), «Questionnaire of terminal values (Father)» (I. Senin), methodology «Communicative and organizational abilities (KOS-2)» (V. Sinyavsky, B. Fedorishin), methodology «Style of self-regulation of behavior» (V. Morosanova), emotional intelligence test «EmIn» (D. Lyusin), Student's t-criterion for the case of dependent samples.
Results. In the process of empirical research, it was revealed that as a result of mastering practical professional activity UPCC Southwestern State University, students demonstrate a focus on new achievements and goals, a high level of self-realization needs, the importance of professional activity, which confirms the development of the motivational and value component of leadership abilities. The growth of students' communicative and organizational abilities, which allow them to actively carry out managerial activities in the aspect of team building, conflict management, time and effective communication, indicates the development of an integrative and active component of leadership abilities. The increase in indicators related to the ability of students to define goals, develop strategies, and make decisions confirms the positive dynamics in the development of the directional-active component of leadership abilities. The increase in indicators related to the ability of students to define goals, develop strategies, and make decisions confirms the positive dynamics in the development of the directional-active component of leadership abilities. Positive changes in the ability to differentiate and manage one's own emotions, to recognize the emotions of other people and the ability to influence them indicate the development of the emotional-reflexive component of leadership abilities.
Conclusion. Theoretical analysis of the studied sources made it possible to identify motivational-value, integrative-activity, directional-active, emotional-reflexive components in the structure of the leadership abilities of the future conflict specialist. Their actualization in the structure of leadership abilities becomes possible through specially created external social conditions and factors implemented in the activities UPCC Southwestern State University. These include: programs for training the skills of public speaking, argumentation and persuasion, active listening, reflective communication; techniques of influence and persuasion in communication; technologies for managing conflicts, neutralizing their destructive consequences, eds.

In the modern world, with the development of technologies, which are one of the most priority sources of information for children about norms and patterns of behavior, cultural values, and moral ideals, special attention is paid to the formation of a rather important aspect of life, as a model of human relationships “man-woman”. The purpose of the study is to study the socio-psychological characteristics of gender role socialization of children of different ages as a factor in a differentiated approach to the education and development of different sexes. The relevance of our research is due to the role of educational institutions in the gender-role socialization of children in the modern world: pedagogical support of this process with knowledge of the psychological characteristics of the gender development of children will allow us to avoid the great influence of natural factors on the upbringing of the younger generation.
Through gender socialization, a person perceives any information and also transmits it to the world around him. An empirical study was conducted to study the socio-psychological characteristics of gender-role socialization of children of different ages and to determine the conditions for overcoming the problems of gender-gender self-determination of children. 45 schoolchildren of the ANO secondary school “Academic Gymnasium” took part in the study

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the level of development of reflection skills and emotional intelligence with the level of professional competencies of young teachers. The role of universal skills of the 21st century in the teacher's activity is confirmed by federal regulatory documents regulating the educational process. The idea of the development of the child's personality, the development of human potential becomes a priority of state policy, the directions of which are largely related to the upbringing of the younger generation. The achievement of subject, meta–subject and personal educational results is considered in the article in the context of the formation of emotional intelligence, socioreflexion and personal potential in the professional activity of a teacher as a representative of the "man- man" type of professions. Characteristics of personal potential include such traits as will, locus of control, orientation to action, resilience, resilience, reflection, level of formation of emotional intelligence. The research is based on the works of D.A. Leontiev, E.A. Klimov.
Methods. To determine the main areas of work, the methodology of the level of expression and direction of M. Grant's reflection and the questionnaire of emotional intelligence "EmIn" were used.
Results. The results of the study of personality characteristics, the formation of which affects the development of professional competencies of young teachers, are described.
Conclusion. Approaches to solving the problem of targeted targeted work on the development of reflection skills and emotional intelligence in order to improve the professional competencies of this category of teachers are proposed. The article also presents the main directions of work of the subjects of the regional system of scientific and methodological support on the development of the personal potential of participants in educational relations, including activities under the Agreement "On Cooperation between the Kursk region and the Charitable Foundation "Contribution to the Future", the Strategy for the development of education in the Kursk region for the period up to 2030, the Agreement "On cooperation between the Committee of Education and Science of the Kursk Region and the Moscow City Pedagogical University.

The formation of constructive strategies for overcoming difficult life situations plays a vital role in choosing the type of behavior, allowing students to successfully overcome traumatic and stressful situations, both during their studies and in their future professional activities. Higher education contributes to the development of professionally significant psychological and personal characteristics. In this aspect, we can talk about the development of selforganization, motivation, creative thinking, adaptability and emotional intelligence, mental and behavioral patterns that help people effectively cope with the difficulties and challenges of everyday life. These qualities play an important role in a graduate’s successful career and personal growth.
The problem of overcoming behavior as a unique way of interaction of an individual with difficult life situations began to be considered around the 1950s.
The term «coping» was coined by Abraham Maslow and comes from the English word «tocope», which means «to cope» or «to overcome». In Russian scientific literature it is often translated as «overcoming behavior» or «psychological overcoming».
The purpose of this article is to study the characteristics of students mastering the skills of constructive strategies for overcoming difficult life situations. The paper examines the features of the formation of constructive strategies for overcoming difficult life situations among students.
The use of bibliometric analysis and experimental analysis in this work allowed us to obtain comprehensive and reliable data that can be used for a deeper understanding of the problem under study. Thanks to the conducted psychological experiment, the leading skills of constructive strategies that help overcome difficult life situations at student age were studied.
The methods of our psychological research were theoretical analysis of literature relevant to the topic of research; empirical research methods: the method of psychodiagnostics of coping mechanisms by E. Heim, the method of «Identification of mental and physical discomfort» (according to V.N. Ponikarova), the method of «Coping behavior in stressful situations CISS» (D.S. Norman. F. Endler, D.A. James, M.I. Parker; adapted version by T.A. Kryukova); observation and interview methods; methods of quantitative and qualitative data processing.
In this study, a variety of methods were used to process the results, including quantitative, qualitative and mathematical approaches.

The paper considers the concept of "destructive conflict" and its significant characteristics; the causes and consequences of the emergence of destructive conflicts in student age are studied; the interrelation of personal features of students with behavioral reactions in a destructive conflict is analyzed.
Conflicts are constantly present in relationships between people and play a key role in the life of a person, family, team, state, society and the person as a whole. The student society also cannot do without conflicts, as many different problems arise in it. Student problems are very diverse and large-scale, and most of all they are associated with the educational process and the individual and personal characteristics of a person. During the educational process, students need to adequately assess both their level of stress resistance and the degree of severity of personality conflict. Students need to learn how to effectively use various ways to overcome conflict behavior, to be able to detect and understand conflictogens that can lead to conflict escalation.
The purpose of the psychological research presented in the work was a multidimensional study of the features of the course of destructive conflicts in the student environment.
The scientific article presents the results of a study of such characteristics as character accentuations; aggressiveness; tactics of behavior in the conflict. Thanks to the conducted psychological experiment, interconnected sets were identified, including both personal characteristics and styles of behavior in conflict. These parameters were calculated using the computer program STATISTICA 13.5.0.17.
The work used such methodological approaches as axiological, humanistically oriented, systemic. Scientific methods of psychological research were: organizational methods; theoretical analysis of literary sources on the research problem; empirical methods: observation, psychodiagnostic methods.