The article examines the anthroponymic models by which the referent is named in newspaper texts of different decades. The purpose of the work is to identify trends in the use of anthroponyms in media texts based on a comparison of data on their use in the regional newspaper Kurskaya Pravda in various time periods (1990, 2000, 2010, 2020). The work uses such research methods as the continuous sampling method, observation of language material, systematization, analysis, generalization.
The features of the use of one-component, two-component and three-component anthroponyms in full and abbreviated form in media texts are analyzed. It is noted that the second and third types are the most frequent, the ratio of which changes over time.
Two main trends in the use of anthroponyms in newspaper texts have been identified: a significant reduction in the use of a three-component anthroponym, including initials and surname and actively used in the Soviet press, and a clear transition to the use of a two-component anthroponym, consisting of a full name and surname, which is one of the manifestations of the democratization of language, a means of creating a more modern image of the referent.
It is shown that two-component naming (first name and last name), atypical for Soviet media culture, from the business and political sphere eventually passed into the media and was reflected in the language of the Kursk press; gradually this method of nomination became the main one; using this model of anthroponym, the authors of publications participate in the formation of the concept of modern naming, broadcasting emerging trends and spreading them in society.
The study of the peculiarities of the use of anthroponyms in the media language contributes to the development of modern anthroponymy, it is important in terms of accumulating data on the current state of the media language.
The journalistic legacy of V.A. Gilyarovsky has been studied in sufficient detail, to a lesser extent, the attention of scientists was riveted to his autobiographical prose - the stories "My Wanderings" and "People of the Theater", the author's manner, the expression of an individual vision of the world and man. The article deals with the linguistic and stylistic features of the portrait of V.A. Gilyarovsky and reveals the originality of the vestial vocabulary, its function in describing the appearance of heroes of different social strata.
The purpose of the study is to study the themes and problems of autobiographical prose, to carry out a linguistic analysis of portrait descriptions in the stories "My Wanderings" and to identify the specifics and functions of the vestial vocabulary. In the study, the emphasis was placed on understanding the features of the writer's style, the specifics of his portraits, the ethnolinguistic and etymological aspect of the clothing vocabulary.
As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that in the autobiographical prose of V.A. Gilyarovsky, the main type of portrait is socio-historical, descriptive and everyday. Based on artistic tasks, the writer does not strive to comprehend the psychology of the characters or their rare individuality. There is no author's commentary in the portrait. The principles of the external image become fundamental. The "masculine" vision of the surrounding people leads to a lack of positive or negative expression, exaltation of feelings or sentimentality.
Civil uniform, frock coat, tailcoat, livery in portraits have not only a descriptive function, "visualizing" the hero, but also reveal the position of the hero, determine his personal attitude to his own position in society. Uniform, overcoat, caps, boots represent uniforms, where the definitions emphasize the material, insignia, style and details of clothing; awards. This vocabulary is also of a historical and archaic nature, allowing the reader to imagine the features of the costume of the 19th century, to immerse themselves in an interesting, unknown, sometimes patriarchal world, which contributes to understanding the environment, its hierarchy and, at the same time, picturesque diversity.
Female portraits with vestial vocabulary are rare; they perform a descriptive function, a function of social characterization. The legal requirement to wear official and particular dress is observed by officials who serve as heroes.
The change in fashion, associated not only with the aesthetic, but also with the ideological and political views of the revolutionary youth, their desire to democratize their appearance, is shown by the portrait of the exiles, where the vocabulary of folk clothes, in particular, the appearance of urban workers, prevails. At the same time, accessories emphasize the "subculture" of nihilists.
The article is aimed at analyzing the symbolic specificity of the Plant component, being a part of idioms and proverbs, formulating English language and culture ground.
The research methodology is complex and is based two groups of methods, which are general scientific methods group, including analysis and synthesis, generalization, and special methods group, including the descriptive method, the method of component analysis, and the quantitative method.
The research proves that the symbolic component, being the part of idioms or proverbs, make specific images in a person's mind causing special associations. The Plant component in idioms and proverbs especially in modern English culture is an integral part formulatung special part of lexis in English culture. The author identifies such subgroups of Plant components as part of idioms and proverbs as “tree components”, “tree names components”, “tree parts components”, “tree fruit components” and systematizes their properties from the standpoint of language and culture symbiosis understanding. The research asserts that the qualities typical for Plant components realization are associated with a person and various aspects of his activity.
The research work results in two groups of idioms and proverbs with a Plant component classification types revealing main aspects of British culture by means of symbolic ideas: the group “man” describing peculiar features of man’s appearance, character, speech, mental abilities; and the group “specific features of human life”, being subdivided into subgroups “material life” and “immaterial life”, representing the features of tangible and intangible values of English language and culture.
The article is devoted to the analysis of cases of neutralization of gender attribution of phraseological units in their live use in modern media speech. Russian Russian phraseology The aim of the work is to study the dynamics of ideas about the masculine and feminine gender in Russian phraseology based on the identification of forms of neutralization of gender attribution, their classification and analysis of the noted transformations when using stable combinations in newspaper texts of the National Corpus of the Russian language. The following research methods are used in the work: continuous sampling method, observation of language material, lexicographic, lexico-semantic and contextual analysis, classification, analysis, generalization. Three ways of neutralization of gender attribution of phraseological units are considered: neutralization of gender at the level of dictionary definitions (indication of kinship with a person as a whole, without gender differentiation: Ivan, who does not remember kinship), neutralization at the grammatical level (compatibility with the object of the opposite grammatical gender: sleeping beauty), the use of phraseological turnover in relation to the person of the opposite pola (free Cossack). It is shown that, despite the strength of gender stereotypes in the linguistic consciousness, they are not frozen: gender representations change in the process of social development, which is expressed in the transformation of semantics and the compatibility of gender-marked phraseological units, rethinking their one-line connection with masculinity / femininity.
The identification of ways to neutralize the gender attribution of phraseological units contributes to the study of gender manifestations in phraseology. The description of modern phraseological usage is important from the point of view of ascertaining the constancy in the linguistic consciousness of established gender stereotypes and shifts in their perception, as well as the accumulation of data on the mechanisms of functioning of idiomatics and the development of phraseological meaning.
The present article is devoted to the analysis of euphemistic substitutions used in political discourse and having a particular place in mass media texts. Such studies are quite urgent because of the constant changes in the current political situation and the importance of reflecting these transformations in modern language. The purpose of this article is to study euphemisms in terms of their functioning in American political discourse. To achieve the goal, the following objectives were set: to study the concept of political discourse from different points of view, to demonstrate the veiled meaning of statements used in political texts of the media and American politicians’ speeches, and to consider methods of influencing the mass consciousness of native speakers. The study is based on the ability of euphemisms not only to neutralize negative values according to generally accepted political correctness but also to change the meaning of the statement in order to achieve the necessary communicative effect. It is taken into account the phenomenon of euphemia having been studied in sufficient detail from different angles. With the aim of finding out how to use implicit influence through political euphemisms it was provided an overview of the mass media such as USA Today, The Washington Post, The New York Times, CNN International. It was revealed that euphemisms are able to hide true meaning and thereby have an impact on the opinion of society, so they can be used as manipulative language means directing the audience’s attitude towards certain things in the desired way.
The article describes the results of structural analysis of a stand-up comedy by the famous British comedian Jimmy Karr to show that political correctness has hardly affected humourous discourse. The study is relevant as it contributes to further linguopholosophic, linguocultural and discursive investigations into political correctness that, according to the authors, contradicts the natural tendency of humans to think in binaries. Stressing that the humorous is based on the binary opposition of Self/Other, the authors question the very chance for a successful joke to be poli tically correct. The theoretical part of the article highlights a number of events that at different times contributed to the evolvement and spread of political correctness, considers the model Self/Other in terms of people’s interaction with the world and with regard to its manifestation in humorous discourse. The methods of structural, discourse and content analysis serve to reveal the linguistic means of representing the opposition Self/Other in contemporary humorous discourse and to identify a number of its elements. The results of analysis show that the growing tendency for political correctness has to some extent affected the thematic aspect of the humorous, however, they give ground to hypothesize that human desire for this kind of jokes will gradually reverse the currently increasing tendency.
The relevance of the research is determined by the comprehensive analysis of idioms and paroemias function-ing in modern Russian language formulating the national character. The aim of the research is to identify the charac-teristic features typical for idioms and paroemias containing names component. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach and includes general scientific and special methods. The group of general scientific methods includes analysis and synthesis, as well as generalization to systematize theoretical and practical material. The special methods group includes the modeling method to identify specific linguistic and cultural properties of idi-oms and paroemias typical for Russian culture; the method of component analysis to provide semantic features anal-ysis and to give lexical and semantic variants of words with several meanings; a definitional method to obtain lexico-graphic information dealing with the meaning of the language unit. Russian idioms and paroemias with Names com-ponents reflect the specific features of the national Russian character and make it possible to determine the key properties of the Russian mentality. The research deals with the analyses idioms and paroemias with the Names component having been divided into the following group types: mythonyms, chrononyms, hagionyms, literary onyms, historical onyms, anthroponyms. According to the author, all types of idioms and paroemias with the Name compo-nent function in modern Russian and are markers of culturally significant information reflecting the specifics of Rus-sian culture. All in all, the authors rank anthroponyms as the most productive Name components types, while chrono-nyms are not a productive phenomenon.
Changes in the language ability of native speakers under the influence of the rapid development of technology and the transformation of the surrounding world is one of the urgent problems of modern psycholinguistics. The re-search material was the data of the Russian associative dictionary (late 80s - early 90s of the twentieth century) and the results of a free associative experiment presented in the multilingual associative thesaurus of politeness (2020). Within the framework of the theory of speech activity, the cue−target pair is considered as a speech action. According to the model of speech action developed by us, its essential components are methods and means of predication. The paper shows that significant changes have occurred in the structure of the associative fields "dog" of different fixation times, emphasizing the dynamics of the language ability of native speakers. The number of speech actions of the full syntactic cycle decreased by 26%, and the number of syntactic primitives and topic-comment structures increased by 10% and 16%, respectively, which indicates a decrease in the level of potential readiness to produce and perceive speech actions of the full syntactic cycle. Different hierarchy of structural components of the analyzed associative field demonstrate changes in the means of predication. The experimentally revealed reduction in the proportion of operational associates (-14%) and emotional-evaluative reactions (-26%) indicates a decrease in the importance of emotive and linguistic orienting points in the formation of associative links, and also diagnoses a decrease in the level of language competence. The increase in the share of conceptual reactions (+12%) and reactions-images (+28%) emphasizes the dominance of cognitive orienting points in the production of speech actions.
The article is devoted to the study of the color term blue. This color occupies an important place in the color picture of the world of representatives of Russian culture, which determines the relevance of the empirical study of the image of this color term from the point of view of psycholinguistics. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of A.A. Zalevskaya, A.P. Vasilevich, E.I. Goroshko.
When organizing and conducting the research, we assumed that individual and cultural knowledge about color are united in the linguistic consciousness. So, any image in the consciousness of an individual has its cultural and personal component. The main methods used in the work are associative experiment, semantic differential, factorial and definitional analyses. We used the data from related sciences in the process of analyzing the results of the study. The study was conducted on the basis of Southwest State University among full-time and part-time students.
The work shows the structure of the associative field of the color term blue in different time periods, which al-lows us to clearly demonstrate the dynamics of changes in this field over the past thirty years.
The article also examines the gender structure of the associative field of the color term blue, highlights general gender-neutral associations, as well as associations that are typically female or typically male. In addition, a factor analysis of the results of the semantic differential is carried out from the point of view of the gender characteristics of the perception of color term blue.
The methodology of organizing and conducting experimental research described in the paper can be success-fully used for psycholinguistic research of images of various stimulus words. The data obtained during the experiment can be used not only in linguistics, but also in marketing, psychology and advertising.
This article analyzes the concept of "neologism", determines its linguistic and stylistic function, systematizes and analyzes the features of the use of neologisms of the COVID 19 pandemic period in well-known British periodi-cals on the example of specific articles. Since the media describe phenomena and events that are characteristic of a certain time, the greatest number of neologisms appears in the press. The analysis of neologisms in the framework of this study is based on the classification of L. V. Sheveleva, according to which neologisms are divided into three groups: neologisms proper, lexical neoplasms, semantic neologisms.
The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the fact that new words appear in the language constantly, at all stages of its existence, especially during the period of social upheavals, the rapid pace of development of society, and the question of their systematization is of particular importance. The purpose of this study is to identify and ana-lyze new lexical units that emerged in modern English during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to establish their linguistic and stylistic function in the process of forming a new lexical layer of the English language.
As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that most of the neologisms in the British press of the COVID-19 period are lexical neoplasms. Most of the lexemes that have been analyzed have a nominative func-tion. Only the phrases Corona Mutant and Corona Winter perform an expressive function, and the phrases Booster campaign and The beginning of the pandemic – the function of attracting attention.
The methodological basis of this study was the method of semantic analysis, the method of continuous sam-pling, the method of linguistic description (interpretation and generalization of the analyzed material), comparative analysis, linguistic and statistical analysis.
The systematized material proposed by the author of the article can be used in pedagogical and scientific activ-ities in the field of such branches of linguistics as neology, linguistic terminology, derivatology.
The article analyzes the system of test tasks in Russian as a foreign language at the stage of pre-university training, designed to control the language competence of students.
The aim of the study is to provide high-quality test technologies that contribute to the formation of language competencies of foreign speakers in the conditions of distance and blended learning formats, to analyze their effec-tiveness in study monitoring, self-control and corrective measures.
The test materials and the results of the current, interim and final test control in Russian as a foreign language serve as the material of the study. The test materials were created by the authors on the Moodle platform for teaching foreign citizens at the stage of pre-university training at Southwest State University and were uploaded to SWSU’s electronic information educational environment.
The Moodle platform has a wide range of tools for designing test tasks, statistical processing of test results, which allow teachers to get information about the quality of tests.
The authors of the study conducted a selective statistical analysis of the tests for the current, interim and final control, followed by the adjustment of certain test questions. Statistical analysis took into account such parameters as ease index, standard deviation, random guess score, target weight, effective weight, discrimination index, discrimina-tion efficiency.
Automated control at the initial stage of learning Russian as a foreign language is systematic and regular and makes it possible to check the knowledge and skills in vocabulary and grammar acquired in the process of learning, allows the teachers to objectively evaluate and compare the successes and shortcomings in the educational activities of foreign stu-dents, to identify the level of language proficiency, excluding the teacher’s subjective opinion of the student and provides for the possibility of feedback, significantly reduces the time spent on checking and analyzing the results.
The authors came to the conclusion that the analyzed tests optimize the learning process and objectify control, give students the opportunity of self-control and teachers the opportunity of varying ways to control and manage stu-dents’ independent learning activity.
The relevance of the topic is due to the introduction into scientific circulation in the last decade of new research materials related to the creative personality of Henrietta Nissen-Saloman. Her «School of Singing», first published in 1880, has been republished. The famous Swedish singer, professor of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, G. Nissen-Saloman has trained about thirty outstanding performers, vocal teachers for nineteen years of her life in Russia.
The purpose of this publication is to reveal the significance of the artistic and pedagogical activities of Nissen-Saloman for the formation and development of the national vocal school. The authors' tasks include presenting the main stages of her creative path, opera and concert repertoire, and characteristics of her work at the conservatory during the Russian period of her life.
The principles on which the vocal-pedagogical system of G. Nissen-Saloman was based – consistency, gradu-alness and expediency in acquiring technical skills, the formation of musical-theoretical knowledge and a sense of style among pupils – were inherited by her students. Among them are N. A. Iretskaya, E. A. Lavrovskaya, V. M. Zarudnaya, who made a significant contribution to the continuation of the Nissen-Saloman’s traditions in the St. Petersburg and Moscow conservatories, on concert and opera stages.
The historical distance, which allows us to objectively consider the leading provisions of the Nissen-Saloman methodology in the context of the experience of foreign masters (primarily M. Garcia), the pedagogical approaches of M. I. Glinka, A. E. Varlamov and other creators of the Russian national singing school, gives grounds for a high as-sessment of the effectiveness of her system. Without a doubt, G. Nissen-Saloman is one of the cohort of the found-ers of the Russian vocal school and occupies an honorable place in it, and her «Singing School», created during the formation and heyday of the national vocal art, is of great practical importance for the training of modern young singers.
The relevance of the research is due to the need to improve the educational process in higher education. Edu-cational technologies should be aimed at increasing the motivation of students to acquire knowledge. The existing teaching methods are gradually losing their effectiveness due to changes in the moral, economic, and social compo-nents of the modern world. The trend of recent years is digitalization, affecting all spheres of society, so educational technologies must meet changing conditions.
The purpose of the research is to identify the positive and negative features of gamification as an educational technique in modern higher education.
The objectives of the research: to define the concept of "gamification" and to identify its differences from the concept of "game"; to consider the components of gamification as an educational technique; to identify the motiva-tional role of gaming technologies in the educational process; to consider possible ways to increase students' motiva-tion during educational activities; to analyze the shortcomings of the introduction of gaming technologies in the edu-cational process.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the method of dialectical scientific cognition; a sys-tematic approach to the problem under consideration, the historical method, the analytical method, etc. Results. In the course of the research, various approaches to the concept of "gamification" were identified and systematized. The authors identified the positive and negative features of the introduction of gaming technologies into the educational process, and also considered the motivational component of the modern student's education.
Conclusion. Gaming technologies are rarely used in education, as many teachers underestimate their poten-tial. In addition, their introduction into the educational process requires the teacher to make efforts, including creative ones. Such technologies make it possible to involve more students in the educational process by increasing interest in something new and different from the classical teaching methods. Of course, the use of gaming technologies in the educational process has a number of disadvantages that can be offset by a successful combination of innovative and classical teaching methods.
The relevance of this topic is that young teachers often do not pay due attention to the organization of singing breathing among students, and this leads to defects in sound formation. The article deals with issues related to the training of academic vocalists in the aspect of proper organization of breathing. Singing breathing is the basis of the entire performing process, not only the improvement of vocal and technical skills, but also the artistic result depend on it. The task set by the authors is to consider breathing as the basis of sound science and to reveal the features of working on it. Breathing, as the foundation of professional singing, is connected with other factors of sound formation: with their development and improvement, breathing is strengthened in parallel. The authors formulate the conditions for obtaining a high singing position: free position of the larynx and mouth, rounded and covered sound, soft attack of sound, close and bright sound.
As a result, there is beauty and saturation of timbre, "flight" of the voice. In the course of classes, the raised tone, desire and aspiration of the singer to achieve the goal are important. Vocal training is a purely individual pro-cess, therefore, young teachers should be in close contact with students, controlling their first steps in mastering vo-cal technique: in the organization of breathing, the development of a high singing position, the removal of muscle clamps of the larynx, the control of sound science. The authors summarize the recommendations of outstanding vo-cal teachers of the past years, and also offer their own instructions and terms based on many years of personal vocal pedagogical and performing experience.
Relevance. The high injury rate of construction industry workers has been a constant problem for many years. The most common direct cause of injury to workers is their own unsafe behavior when performing work. Identification of personal factors that form the attitude of a person to unsafe behavior is the beginning of effective implementation of safety programs in construction projects and taking measures to prevent traumatic situations.
The purpose of the study: to study the installation on unsafe behavior of construction workers.
Private tasks: to study the personal attitude and perception of occupational hazards of employees of organiza-tions in the construction industry; to investigate the levels of severity of the three main components of a person's pre-disposition to unsafe activities: cognitive, affective and behavioral.
Methodology. The study was carried out by anonymous questionnaire using specially designed question-naires. The questions focus on identifying the characteristics of the attitude to hazards and the behavior of employ-ees that can directly affect occupational safety and cause injuries.
Results. According to the responses of employees, high-quality material was obtained to identify and systema-tize the factors that determine their unsafe behavior in the industrial environment.
Conclusion. The results obtained objectively indicate that the ideas about the danger of the production envi-ronment do not correspond to reality and are factors of unsafe behavior of workers. The formed attitude does not al-low the subject to make adequate decisions and control his activities. In the personnel management system of the organization, it is necessary to develop training programs in the aspect of occupational safety, the implementation of which in the training process will contribute to the formation of an attitude to the safe behavior of employees and the reduction of dangerous incidents ending in injuries.
With all the variety of approaches to the study of the social situation of a child's development in the presence of somatic distress, currently insufficient attention is paid to the problems of the occurrence and course of allergies of unclear genesis. Consideration of an allergy of unclear genesis through the prism of a psychosomatic reaction is im-possible without taking into account the social situation of the child's development. In our study, we consider the pe-culiarities of the social situation of a child's development by studying various psychological characteristics, ranging from the characteristics of intra-family conflicts, the type of upbringing, the quality of contact between mother and child, and ending with the past experience of the child's mother interacting with her own mother. The aim of the study is to study the peculiarities of the social situation of a child's development in the manifestation of allergies of both clear and unclear genesis.
The article presents the results of a study of 63 mothers with children, who were further divided into three groups, depending on the presence of a diagnosis of allergy of clear/unclear genesis or its absence. Taking into ac-count the set goals, our study used groups of methods focused on studying the peculiarities of the social situation of child development: clinical conversation, analysis of medical documentation, developed questionnaire aimed at diag-nostic examination of mothers and their children with allergies of unclear genesis, as well as children without allergies of unclear genesis, in order to identify risk factors disorders of mental and psychosomatic health, psychodiagnostic methods.
According to the results of the study, the article presents a differentiated identification of factors of violation of the social situation of the child's development, by studying the quality of contact between mother and child, determin-ing the significance of the influence of past negative experiences of interaction with one's own mother; disturbed in-tra-family relations, which in the future may act as a trigger for the manifestation of allergies of unclear genesis in children.
