The article is devoted to the study of the palindrome as a special linguistic and cultural phenomenon in which the formal symmetry of the text enters into a complex interaction with the asymmetry of the linguistic sign and its interpretation. The key problem of the work is the identification of deep pragmasemantic mechanisms that determine the functioning of palindromy in differently structured languages.

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative pragmasemantic analysis of palindromes in the Russian and English linguistic and cultural traditions, revealing patterns of interaction between their formal symmetry and the asymmetry of pragmatic use and semantic interpretation.

Methods. A set of methods is used as a methodological basis, including component and contextual analysis for semantic description, discourse analysis for studying pragmatic functions, as well as a comparative method for estab lishing typological similarities and differences.

The results of the study demonstrate that, due to morphological freedom, lexical palindromes and detailed poetic texts are much more widely represented in the Russian language, in which formal symmetry is often reinforced by semantic symmetry through motives of creation, judgment, and reflection. Due to the rigid word order, palindromic phrases with pronounced playful or ironic pragmatic potential prevail in English. At the graphophonological level, symmetry comes into semiotic conflict with the linear, directional nature of language: direct reading sets the primary meaning, while the reverse acts as its semantic echo, refinement, or inversion. The pragmatics of palindromy in both linguistic traditions are implemented mainly in the fields of intellectual play, poetic experiment and creative communication, acting as a marker of linguistic reflection and meta-textual play.

Conclusion. The paper reveals for the first time that the pragmasemantic potential of the palindrome is determined by typological differences between languages: in Russian, morphological freedom provides semantic symmetry and reflexive depth, whereas in English palindromy is based on syntactic experiment and irony.

The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize ways (linguistic means and pragmatic strategies) of expressing sympathy and indifference in users' comments on news about emergencies and tragic events in the social sphere "Childhood / Family" of the VKontakte Internet network.

Methods. The study was carried out using a discursive and pragmatic approach to the analysis of online comments on news posts, collected using a continuous sampling method for 17 information topics on the VKontakte network. The work used contextual and pragmatic analysis, classification of speech acts, as well as quantitative analysis of the frequency of various means of expressing emotions.

Results. Empathy in online communication is realized through a set of direct and indirect strategies aimed at maintaining an emotional connection. Direct ones include verbalized means of direct expression of sympathy / pity; emotive statements containing interjections and expressions, as well as emojis and stickers; linguistic means of expressing support and encouragement. Indirect ways of implementing the authors' pragmatic intention include religious formulas, means of expressing "aggressive empathy" (invectives against those responsible for what happened) and personal narratives. Ritualized wishes are the dominant way of conveying empathy in online comments in terms of frequency of fixation, which indicates the formalization of empathy in the digital environment. It has been established that indifference is realized not as a passive lack of reaction, but as elements of active pragmatic strategies: cynical humor, skepticism, victim blaming and verbal aggression, correlating with anonymity and the quasi-intimate nature of user relationships.

Conclusion. The presented results have theoretical and practical value for the development of a discursive and pragmatic approach to the study of Internet communication. The prospects for further research are related to a cross-cultural analysis of the expression of emotions in social networks and the study of the influence of platform features on the pragmatics of emotional reactions.

The paper is devoted to the Noun Number Representation features in Spanish, English and Russian languages on the example of such lexemes as gente/ people/ люди.

The research purpose The aim of the study is to consider the possible interference language occurrences in the frames of language contacts of the languages used in the research due to certain Noun Number differences existence, as well as to present some arguments for the effectiveness of the Corpus Analysis appliance in linguistic researches.

Procedures и methods. The complex approach is applied in the study. The main methods used in the work are the Corpus Analysis held in the frames of Continuous Sampling, Comparative Analysis and Quantitative Analysis. The research was conducted on the material of Learners Corpus of Spanish Language (CAES). The corpus CAES represents a wide source of date concerning to a real Spanish Language Acquisition process of different non-native Spanish speakers (English speaking and Russian speaking learners).

Results. Foreign Language Acquisition process is considered to be accompanied by some special interference occurrences revealed at different language levels. Interference mistakes are supposed to happen due to the essential differences of languages being in contact.

According to the results of the research, some typical interference mistakes were revealed in a written Spanish speech of English native speakers as well as Russian native speakers. Interference cases caused by essential differences in Number are expressed with incorrect noun forms and incorrect subordinate word forms.

Conclusion. Interference mistakes revealed in a Spanish written speech of English speaking and Russian speaking students of Spanish are caused by their incorrect perception of the Noun Number of the lexeme gente in accordance with the patens of their native languages.

The purpose of research is to identify the significance and psychologically relevant content of the basic value of "family" on the basis of the interactive map of values of the Russian Federation cities.

Methods. The experimental study involved the analysis of data from a survey, ranking and a free association test conducted in seven Russian cities. To identify the content of the basic value of "family", associative fields were modeled as a set of speech actions, represented in the cue – target combinations. The probability of producing speech actions was determined using the forward association strength index.

The results of the survey and the experiment on ranking indicate that family is the most important basic value of the Russians. In four of the seven cities surveyed (Moscow, Tver, Kirov, Yakutsk) the value of “family” was given the first position from a list of 35 options. In Kursk and Bryansk family was ranked second, and in Barnaul it was given the third rank. The forward association strength was calculated for the most frequent speech actions represented in the formed associative fields. The average value of this index for all the surveyed cities made it possible to identify the core of the basic value of "family" and create a hierarchy of semantic components that determine its content. The perception of the value of "family" by participants from different cities was universal, as evidenced by common features of predication (feelings, emotions, evaluations, family members, etc.) and the frequent actualization of related associations (love, home, parents, mom, happiness, children, support, foundation, the most important thing, etc.). The regional specifics in the content of the "family" value are reflected in the varying degree of the forward association strength index in the speech actions of participants from different cities.

Conclusion. The psycholinguistic research methodology we have developed for studying the value of "family" helps to explore the value system of representatives of the Russian linguistic culture and identify potentially danger ous deviations from traditional family foundations.

The authors of this article focus their research interest on the peculiarities of verbal representation of the social stratum of “mature people” in the discourse of contemporary Russian and Greek criminal Internet news.

The aim of the study is to identify and compare the linguistic and sociocultural parameters of media representation of the 60+ group, which determine the dynamics of the image of older people in the context of changing social perceptions of age. The research material consists of Russian and Greek online publications from various media resources over the last five years.

Through comprehensive analysis (content analysis, structural-semantic analysis, comparative analysis) and subsequent categorization and taxonomy of the results obtained, the article identifies the content and thematic features of criminal news content; determines a cluster of lexical units that attribute to this age group; describes linguistic methods of objectifying the behavior of older people and their victimization; characterizes the axiological aspect of the opposition of gerontological crime (pensioner – victim of crime / criminal); classifies verbal markers representing the attitude of society and content creators towards people in their sixties.

The results of the study indicate that this issue today has a dual nature: the global trend of population aging is becoming an irreversible process, which, on the one hand, changes the “modality of perception” of sixty-year-olds towards recognizing them as an active social group, and on the other hand, prepares media users for the need to solve a new social problem caused by the ‘shift’ in the role of older people in the “victim-perpetrator” dyad when the criminal agenda is updated. This expansion of the semantic scope of the concept of mature age confirms the existence of a certain body of communication strategies in Russian and Greek media texts, demonstrates the change in the values of Russians and Greeks, actively broadcast by the media space, and allows us to assert that the transformation of the media image of sixty-year-olds reflects society's attitude to new demographic realities and acts as a “trigger” for the process of forming new axiological criteria in both countries.

The article considers the important role of a Silent Bystander (SB) in a tertiary speech dialogue, which implies the participation of two active participants of a dialogue – the addresser and the addressee – and SB as a "passive" participant, who influences both the interlocutors’ verbal and non-verbal behaviour as well as the content of their talk and thus a tertiary speech talk is formed.

The relevance of the undertaken research consists in the increasing interest in the role of the Silent Bystander who seems to be playing the role of “a passive party of a two-person talk” thus influencing the form and content of the tertiary dialogical discourse. So all the three parties of the dialogue – the two interlocutors and the Silent Bystander – are considered to be the producers of the tertiary dialogical discourse.

Methods. The method for modeling tertiary speech dialogue including the Silent Bystander, the cognitive and discourse analysis method and the method of contextual, semantic, communicative, pragmatic, and socio-psycholinguistic analyses are used. The empirical material for this research is presented by Russian and English tertiary speech dialogues from the novels "The Golovlyov Family" by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and "Babbitt" by Sinclair Lewis.

Results. As a result of the study, the significant role of the explicit Silent Bystander (ESB) in the fictional dialogic discourse is identified and described, due to the ESB’s role the dialogue in a dyad is transformed into a dialogue in a triad, i.e., a dialogue of tertiary speech, and the linguistic means of expressing the ESB’s presence in the tertiary speech dialogue are also studied, that allows us to discover new and deeper aspects and nuances of a tertiary speech dialogue.

Conclusion. The relevance of the research under study is explained by the increased interest in fictional dialogic discourse in modern linguistics and the necessity of a more detailed and thorough study of a tertiary speech dialogue produced in the SB’s presence from the position of the cognitive and discourse approach.

This study is devoted to the linguistic and cultural analysis of phraseological units with the numerical component “two” in English and Chinese. The aim of the article is to identify key semantic and cultural categories formed by this component in English and Chinese phraseological units and to explain the identified differences by the peculiarities of national world perception. Based on a comparative analysis of corpora of phraseological units with the components “two” / “second” (English) and “二” (Chinese), as well as the use of methods of linguistic and cultural analysis and component analysis, fundamental differences in their conceptualization have been established. It has been proven that phraseological units with the numeral “two” in English serve primarily as a tool of pragmatic and social intelligence, structuring the categories of choice, efficiency, reciprocity, and logical inference. In Chinese phraseology (chengyu), this concept functions as a philosophical constant, expressing the dialectic of the unity of opposites (“yin” and “yang”), negative duality, or acting as a structural-reinforcing element. It has been established that the identified differences are determined by the deep characteristics of cultural codes and philosophical traditions: pragmatism, rationalism and individualism, characteristic of the English-speaking worldview, as opposed to the holistic and har monizing worldview rooted in Taoism and Confucianism, which is reflected in the Chinese language. The results contribute to the understanding of the connection between language, thinking and culture.

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that critical thinking in the conditions of modern high-tech, information-rich and dynamically developing reality is of particular importance, since it allows you to effectively analyze incoming information, identify unreliable data and make informed decisions in the face of uncertainty and constant changes.

Objective: to substantiate critical thinking as a category with a dual function: integral and integrating, performing a synthesizing function in the process of cognition by combining cognitive processes and practices.

Materials and methods. The theoretical analysis of scientific papers was used. General scientific research methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, concretization.

Results. Critical thinking is studied as a category with integral and integrating functions. The integral function acts as a basic element that permeates all levels of cognitive activity, and means that critical thinking is inextricably linked to all aspects of cognition and activity and does not exist by itself, but is an integral, fundamental component of any effective and deep thought process. The integrating function is aimed at combining various elements of critical thinking into a single system. Performs a system-forming role by combining diverse fields of knowledge, theoretical concepts and practical activities, personal qualities and individual intellectual potential. This function ensures consistency and consistency of thought processes, preventing fragmentation and contradictions.

Conclusions. In academic discourse, it is correct to consider critical thinking as a category with a dual function: integral and integrating. The duality of critical thinking ensures the development of individual abilities and promotes the creation of interdisciplinary connections, is the basis of scientific knowledge and practical activities. The status of critical thinking is evolving from an applied skill to a fundamental meta-category of cognitive activity. At the same time, the duality of critical thinking is not a universal tool - it requires specific content depending on the task at hand.

The relevance of this study is determined by the problem of developing inclusive education in the higher education system. Purpose of the study: To identify trends in inclusive education in higher education for the improvement of personnel and educational policies.

Methods. The following methods were used to organize and conduct the study: analysis, systematization, com parison, and generalization of information and analytical materials based on the results of monitoring inclusive education in the higher education system and the activities of higher education institutions in Russia.

Research results. A review of domestic and international research demonstrates that inclusive education is an integral component of modern higher education. The national project "Professionalism" is a fundamental benchmark for transforming the vocational education of individuals with disabilities and individuals with limited health capabilities (LHCs) in Russia. The current state of digital transformation of inclusive education has been assessed by many domestic and international scholars. An analysis of the research conducted on this issue allowed us to draw the following conclusions: the authors identified the most significant challenges and problems; they proposed specific strategic vectors in the context of digital transformation, focused on promising areas for the development of the domestic institution of inclusive education in the higher education system. Creating conditions for comprehensive career guidance and successful career development for individuals with disabilities is a necessary foundation for professional training in higher education. The monitoring resulted in the identification of criteria and content indicators for the implementa tion of inclusive education in higher education institutions.

Conclusion. Thus, the conducted monitoring of the organization of inclusive education in higher education institutions made it possible to identify trends in inclusive education in the higher education system for improving personnel and educational policies. First, the integration of international experience is only possible with adaptations tailored to the specific educational institution and student population. Second, people with disabilities are initiators and organ izers of relevant activities that promote active support for people with disabilities in their continuing education. Third, the architecture of inclusive education is a key, but not the only, factor. Fourth, the professional competence of teachers and consultants in inclusive educational environments should include not only professionally-focused knowledge, skills, and abilities, but also universal skills (e.g., flexibility, loyalty, empathy, etc.). Fifth, more attention should be devoted to training specialists for work in inclusive educational environments during their higher education, and not just during professional retraining or advanced training.

This article discusses the concept of digital competence of a teacher of foreign language education.  Modern trends in education require the acquisition of professional competencies in the fieldof digital technologies, the use of which is more relevant than ever. One of the distinctive features of the modern world is its rapid informatisation and technologicalisation. Information computer technologies, which a few years ago seemed to many a distant future, have very quickly turned into a reality. However, the processes of transition to digital technologies, which, at the usual speed of the spread and implementation of innovations, would take several years, during the pandemic took place literally in a few weeks.

The purpose of the work is to study the features of the professional formation and development of future foreign language teachers in the context of the digital transformation of foreign language education, as well as to study the conditions for the formation of digital competence.  In addition, the study examines its component structure, which is presented by leading methodologists in this field, in response to the challenges of the time and the requirements of the modern educational process.

Methods. To achieve this goal, we used methods of critical analysis of pedagogical and linguodidactic literature, scientific sources on the theory and methodology of teaching foreign languages and the digital transformation of education; an empirical method presented in the form of observation of the learning process in the field of study, as well as generalizing methods for systematizing and presenting the results of theoretical research.

Results. As a result of the analysis, conclusions were made about the timeliness and correctness of the formation of digital competencies among teachers of additional education who teach foreign language communication.

Conclusion. New modern computer technologies, applications and training platforms are mandatory tools of learning. An overview of existing platforms and applications contributing to the level of motivation is presented in this article. The ability to apply them in the learning process is the goal of increasing interest in learning.

Purpose of the Study. The work of university faculty plays a central role in the effective functioning of the higher education system. Its specific purpose is to impart scientific knowledge to students and develop the professional qualities of future specialists. Faculty work combines pedagogical, scientific, educational, and managerial aspects. Moreover, the level and nature of staff motivation during their professional activities directly impacts the effectiveness of the educational process and the quality of graduate training. The purpose of this study was to examine the motivational structure of university faculty and to detail the predominant motives for their professional activity.

Methods. The following diagnostic methods were used in this study: the Herzberg Motivational Structure Test adapted by S. A. Shapiro (2005) and the Questionnaire for Diagnosing the Motives of Professional Activity of Special ists by T. N. Frantseva (2010).

Results. This study examines the essence of the phenomenon of intrinsic motivation among university faculty, identifies its structural elements, and provides a detailed description of the dominant motives for professional activity. Among the factors influencing university faculty job satisfaction (among the hygiene factors), financial motivations are the most important, followed by collaboration within the team and relationships with management, while social recog nition is the least important factor for respondents. However, the presence of hygiene factors alone leads to a neutral attitude toward work. Among the motivational factors, the most significant is the factor "job content," which indicates that faculty are motivated by the work process itself and derive satisfaction from their professional activities. Most respondents rated this factor at a moderate level, indicating moderate intrinsic motivation. The second most important motivational factor is "achieving personal success," indicating the importance of work results for satisfaction. The factors "career, promotion," and "job responsibility" are expressed at a moderate level by most faculty. Overall, the content and process of work, as well as social relationships, are important to faculty, and when these parameters are realized, career and financial motivations become significant.

Conclusion. Intrinsic motivation is the foundation of stable and productive teaching at a university. As education changes, motivation is becoming a key factor in effective professional performance. It is crucial for educational institution management to support this motivation by creating an environment conducive to the development and selfrealization of staff members' motivational potential.

Purpose of research. The work is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of "clipness" in the field of consciousness and thinking. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis and identify the dynamics of the use of the terms "clip consciousness" and "clip thinking" in modern scientific discourse, to identify the main research trends. Methods: bibliometric analysis of the array of scientific publications for the period from 2000 to 2025, presented in the database of the Russian electronic library eLibrary, theoretical and conceptual analysis. The search and quantitative data processing were carried out using the keywords "clip thinking" and "clip consciousness", taking into account morphology and various fields (title, abstract, keywords, text). The results showed an exponential growth of interest in this issue in the last decade, especially in the field of psychology. A significant predominance of the term "clip thinking" was revealed (22,563 mentions) over the "clip consciousness" (13272). It is revealed that "clip thinking" dominates in psychological and pedagogical research, while "clip consciousness" is more often used in a philosophical and cultural context. A shift in focus in the perception of the phenomenon of clipiness from an initial negative as sessment to its interpretation as an adaptive response to information overload has been determined. The key charac teristics of clip thinking are systematized, divided into operational (fragmentation, speed, visuality) and resultant (lin guistic minimalism, emotional orientation). Conclusion: the analysis confirms the need for a clearer conceptual differentiation of the concepts studied. The dominance of "clip thinking" in the scientific field indicates a shift in the focus of research on the cognitive-procedural aspects of the phenomenon. The study demonstrates that clip-based thinking should be considered as an alternative way of thinking, and clip-based thinking as an adaptive characteristic, which opens up prospects for the development of psychological and pedagogical techniques that take these features into account.

The increase in conflicts in workplace relationships is associated with rapid change, increasingly complex communications, and increased competition. Destructive conflict resolution strategies, such as aggression and manipulation, worsen the psychological climate, increase stress, and impede teamwork. Modern approaches require consideration of individual employee characteristics, such as aggressiveness, emotional intelligence, and the Dark Triad traits.

The purpose of this article is to examine destructive conflict resolution strategies in the workplace and establish their relationship with the personal characteristics of the subjects.

The following methods were used in the study: the Thomas-Kilmann «Conflict Behavior Strategies» method adapted by N.V. Grishina, the Aggression and Hostility Questionnaire by A. Bass-Darki, the «Emotional Intelligence or EmIn» questionnaire by D.V. Lyusin, and the «Short Dark Triad Questionnaire» by D. Jones and D. Paulhus. This article presents the results of an empirical study that found that the predominant conflict resolution methods in the workforce studied were «competition» and avoidance. High rates of verbal and indirect aggression were identified, as well as a tendency to hold grudges; moderate levels of interpersonal emotional intelligence; low levels of intrapersonal emotional intelligence; and difficulties in understanding and managing one's own and others' emotions. Significant levels of Machiavellianism, moderate levels of narcissism, and moderate levels of psychopathy were also found. A relationship between personality traits and conflict management strategies among the organization's personnel was empirically discovered and statistically proven.