The article concerns the problem of culture specific linguistic units used in the texts about RF President V. V. Putin. These units are used by Spanish speaking authors who are natives of a widely spread in the world language. Chosen publications for the analysis belong to Spanish central and regional periodical literature.
The purpose of the research is the study of linguocultural aspect of the culture specific lexis used to describe V. Putinand his activity in Spanish mass media.
To achieve this goal the following tasks were solved: the theoretical base of the problem has been systematized,factual material has been collected, the collected linguistic units’ linguocultural description has been done, their description and categorizing according to V. V. Kabakchi and E. V. Beloglazova classification has been performed, the results of the scientific research have revealed the differences in the used linguistic units.This fact has been reasoned by the cultural background.
The research methodology contained the following methods: the method of continuous sampling, descriptive, interpretative and content analysis methods. The culture specific linguistic units research problem is an open issue in the scientific community. It is seen as a task which needs complex approach with account taken of both intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors. The second ones are closely linked to native speakers’ cultural features, which therefore reflect in such linguistic units as phraseological locutions, comparisons, realias, quotations and metaphors. The current research is dedicated to the analysis of the majority of them, because their study can lead to a deeper and more in detailed understanding of members of a culture that use them. The linguocultural aspect of the culture specific linguistic units used to describe V. Putinand his activity is studied. The linguistic units under study allow to define cultural and linguisticpatternsof their being used by Spanish authors, describing RG president V. V. Putin and state their reasons.
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of legal terms in the English language. The author identifies the main categories of term formation, considers the formal-linguistic, structural-semantic characteristics of term combinations and their components, and establishes the relationship between the English legal term system and socio-cultural factors that contribute to the evolution of the language tools of lawyers in different historical periods.
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to study the historical and cultural features of the English legal language, which are necessary for understanding the worldview of the linguistic and legal community.
The paper presents materials on the study of linguistic means of expressing the main legal terms in the English language of the Ancient, Middle and Early English periods. Along with a detailed description of the word-forming features and functioning of terms in the period from the VII-XVII centuries, the processes leading to changes in the formal and substantive aspects of the English legal term system are investigated. A comprehensive approach to the study of vocabulary, taking into account the historical conditionality of the changes that legal terms were subjected to over ten centuries, allowed us to observe changes in the composition of the linguistic means of the most significant concepts of English law in the initial periods of its history, as well as to determine the factors that caused these changes. The methodological basis of this study is the method of correlation of linguistic and social phenomena, the method of analysis of dictionary definitions, and the method of linguistic modeling. The systematized material proposed by the author is effective for use in the teaching process, which determines the practical significance of the research.
The axiological concept of "marriage" together with other values forms the nuclear zone of society and its moral and ethical guideline. The values "marriage", "homeland", "freedom" and others build the basis of society. It is especially important to study the “basic values” of the basic ones, explaining the preservation of ethnicity: the individual and society rely on values as a set of world views in their life.
Relevance is determined by the importance of the selected information for the analysis of values in the modern cultural environment.
A feature is a certain feature of different cultures: by modeling the content of values, one can understand the motive of the individual's activity and model the value system as a whole.
The purpose of this study is to establish experimentally the structural and informational specificity of the con-
cept indicated by the lexeme "marriage".
The tasks of the research include: studying the content and dynamics of the lexical meaning of a word, according to explanatory dictionaries; research and analysis of psychologically relevant meanings associated with the association of a lexeme according to the data of a free associative experiment and associative dictionaries of the Russian language; comparison of the lexical composition of the lexeme under study according to the data of dictionaries and according to the results of the associative experiment.
Research material - a set of associates for the word "marriage" obtained in a free associative experiment. The analysis shows that the basic value of “marriage” is losing its value, which indicates a change in the attitude of Russians towards it.
The article is devoted to the study of language policy and its aspects, peculiarities of the emergence, development and formation of English in African countries. The authors pay attention to the problem of contacts between local languages and English in such spheres as politics, education, informal communication and social life. Various foreign classifications of English in Africa, peculiarities of the emergence of local pidgins and the phenomenon of linguistic interference are under examination. As is made clear from the article, contacts between local languages and English were historically conditioned, and the importance of English has grown over time. The most considerable function of English in the African continent is to ensure communication between many local language communities, the role of lingua franca. In fulfilling these functions, English creates opportunities for the development of local peoples and communities in Africa, undergoing very significant modifications, including the formation of pidgins and local variants resulting from linguistic interference. The comparative method and the method of linguistic analysis were used in the research. The spread of English in Africa, as well as the factors and features of this process, are studied by the authors in diachrony: the analysis and comparison of linguistic situation in the past and in the present is conducted. Particular attention is paid to the phenomena of bilingualism, multilingualism and the role of English as a mediating language, as well as the problems and peculiarities of learning English in English-speaking Africa. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that the materials of this article can serve as a platform for an in-depth study of historical features and similarities of African variants of English in such disciplines as contact and comparative linguistics, sociolinguistics, political linguistics and the English language theory.
The article deals with the translation of phonetic and lexical puns in the literary work "Gulistan" by Saadi from Persian into Russian in the poetic translation of R. Aliyev A. Starostin and the prose translation of R. Aliyev. This work, due to the repeated use of figures of speech and word plays, is considered one of the important literary texts in Persian, therefore, the correct translation of these figures of speech and word plays and the use of the correct method of their transmission is important in presenting this literary work to speakers of other languages of the world, including number and Russian-speaking.
The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that for the first time the methods of transferring puns of this work from Persian to Russian are being considered.
The purpose of this study is considered to be the identification of translation transformations used by translators in poetic and prosaic translations when translating lexical and phonetic puns.
To achieve the goal in the course of the study, methods such as analysis of literature on the topic, comparison and systematization of theoretical data were used. In the prose translation of R. Aliyev, puns are sometimes omitted and the reader cannot understand that a play on words is used in the original text. In view of the fact that the text of "Gulistan" by Saadi is considered a rhythmic-melodic, poetic translation, in which various translation transformations will try to preserve the effect of the original puns, is considered more successful and acceptable. Although in poetic translation translators, when translating phonetic puns, tried to compensate for the absence of the word homophones in Russian by using rhyming words and achieved a good result, when translating lexical puns, that is, when translating polysemantic words, they fundamentally used the omission of the pun. It turns out that the translators in the poetic translation "Gulistan" act successfully, because sometimes rhyming words are used when translating puns, which retain their effect and musicality in the translation text.
The significance of the pronunciation norms of the Russian national language in academic singing, the use of Moscow orthoepic norms in the analysis and interpretation of vocal works are considered. The issues of the current state of Russian pronunciation and literate speech, the differences in pronunciation norms in speech and singing are discussed. The spread of normative pronunciation and its preservation are presented as one of the most important tasks of modern society. Often, dealing with breathing issues, solving technical problems, working on stage expressiveness, vocalists overlook the work on the literary content of a vocal work from the point of view of orthoepic norms. A singer, as a bearer of the traditions of culture and art, is obliged to speak and sing competently, to convey clearly the text of vocal works, to promote the beauty and purity of Russian speech. The article provides specific examples of the analysis of vocal works from the point of view of vocal orthoepy, discusses the concepts of singing reduction, the rules of sounding stressed and unstressed vowels, the pronunciation of consonants and their combinations, the rules of vocal syllable division, the pronouncational norms of the Russian language in singing. A prerequisite for a vocalist to work with a piece of music is to take into account the style and era of the creation of the piece. In this regard, the article analyzes the interpretations of two vocal compositions belonging to different historical periods of the Russian culture in the context of the stylistic approach and the pronouncing norms of the Russian language. The influence of socio-cultural and historical processes on the formation of modern pronunciation norms, on a qualitative change in the sound of national speech is traced. The author claims that knowledge of the pronunciation norms of the Russian language and the laws of vocal orthoepy broadens the horizons of creative knowledge of performers, increases their literacy and general culture, and promotes the great, powerful national language of our country.
The article deals with linguistic and experimental research methods of paremiological area of interpretive field of the concept “money” and identifies cognitive indicators interpreting the concept in the Russian language. The linguistic research method involves the use of paremiological dictionaries and collections of aphorisms, since vivid evidence of national-specific aspects of conceptualization is found in the vocabulary that explicates the features of the values of a particular linguistic community. The research of Russian proverbial fund, in particular paroemias, nominating various properties of money, with the method of cognitive interpretation, allowed us to identify the characteristic features of paroemias objectifying the concept in the Russian linguistic culture. Special attention is paid to conducting of the experimental study with the participation of modern native speakers which allows the author to draw conclusions about the relevance of the phenomenon under consideration as well as the specifics of its comprehension by modern native speakers. The experiment of verification and clarification of proverbs and sayings for native Russian speakers allowed us to indicate the values of modern representatives of this linguistic and cultural community that are substantially formed by the current economic situation and mentality of the nation, as well as to observe the positioning of the presented linguistic manifestations in terms of intensity in the consciousness of the Russian people. Integrated approach enables to reveal Russian speakers’ attitude tо the phenomenon and to identify possible “shifts” in the structure and content of the concept during its functioning in the consciousness of representatives of the linguistic culture and supplement the previously proposed by the author model of the concept “money” in the Russian language.
The relevance of this study is defined by the important role played by appellatives in regulating interpersonal relations and constructing the identity of the participants of the communicative act. The choice of an appellative is a dynamic process in which many factors must be taken into account.
The purpose of this work is to identify the pragmatic function of the appellative and other means of constructing the identity of the participants in such face-threatening acts as the expression of the negative assessment of the interlocutor (his or her behaviour, the results of their work etc.)
To collect the material, we used the questionnaire which is widely employed in the field of cross-cultural linguistic pragmatics – the discourse-completion test. The materials of the research are based on the data of a questionnaire survey, conducted among 300 native Chinese speakers. The age of the informants varies from 18 to 30 years. The collected questionnaires contain reactions of the informants in the situations in which they have to express their negative assessment of the addressee. It is shown that in face-threatening acts appellation is used to booster the addressee’s positive face. The research reveals gender and social variation of appellations as well as some specific ways of designating the participants of communication used to construct their identity, typical of Chinese culture. Basing on the analysis of the results of the questionnaire survey of Chinese speakers, it can be concluded that when communicating with people of the same social position, the respondents used appellatives that emphasize their affection for the interlocutor and reduce the social distance. In communicating with a superior person, the respondents, on the contrary, demonstrated their respect for him, focusing on his professional status and emphasizing his high social position. Thus, the appellative was used as a means of strengthening the positive face of the interlocutor.
The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a serious modernization of the educational process for the labor market in the digital economy. To solve this problem, higher education should use new educational technologies with the use of digital learning tools.
The purpose of the study is to discuss the format of mixed learning and to present the experience of organizing the educational process using the technology of "inverted class", in which the student takes an active position in the learning activity, and the proposed system of actions is guaranteed to provide the desired result.
The research methodology is based on the integrative approach in education, according to which education is considered as a holistic process and the result of pedagogical integration of objects, phenomena, processes, and the systematic approach, according to which learning is considered as a multi-level dynamic process. The material of this study is theoretical and practical work in the field of implementation of the model of mixed learning with the use of information and communication technologies, as well as the experience gained in the implementation of disciplines on the technology "inverted class".
Results. The mixed learning format seems to be the most optimal way to transform the traditional educational system of higher education, since it is built taking into account the advantages of the experience of the classical approach and the potential of digital learning. In this study, the technology is a set of goals, content, tools and methods of teaching, stages of the educational process, the implementation of which ensures the implementation of the set learning goals and obtaining a result that meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. The article identifies the advantages and problems of training that need to be addressed.
Conclusion. As an element of the blended learning system, the "inverted classroom" technology is increasingly penetrating the higher education system. The modern educational process in this technology is implemented as an active educational activity with the use of a digital environment. The active activity of the participants of the educational process ensures the deep assimilation of knowledge and ensures the achievement of the planned learning outcomes.
The relevance of this work is due to the change of the higher professional education paradigm in the context of the widespread idea of a digital University in the situation of the threat of spreading the coronavirus infection and the forced rapid shift to online education.
The purpose of this article is to study the possibilities of using online courses in teaching the foreign language at the University and creating organizational, technological, personnel and methodological conditions for the successful implementation of these opportunities in practice.
The key direction in the transformation of existing educational programs with the help of modern online technologies is considered to be blended learning, which combines different methods of mixed learning, online and offline. The article aims to study the phenomenon of "blended learning", analyze current trends and prospects of online learning with reference to research data and monitoring the achievements of world leaders on the online education market. The methodological base includes both theoretical methods-operations and methods-actions, for example, analysis and verification of scientific theories by practice, and empirical methods – studying the results of activities, observation, survey, attracting expert assessments, and the method of forecast. It is concluded that the modern educational approach, which implies a gradual diffusion of Internet technologies with the learning process, can be implemented everywhere and in a short time with the readiness of all participants of pedagogical interaction, subject to a number of conditions. High efficiency of new educational technologies is possible only in the case of synergistic interaction of teaching, technical, administrative and psychological resources of all participants in the educational process.
The article examines the influence of emotional intelligence on a lawyer’s professional activity in the modern context. The authors analyze domestic and foreign scientific literature on the topic, focusing on the definition of emotional intelligence from a broader concept to a narrow and clear formulation.
The purpose of the article is to contribute to the study of the influence of emotional intelligence on the professional activity of a lawyer in modern conditions, from the student days to the distance employment.
Examples of the influence of the level of development in this respect on professional communication, both in a foreign language and in the environment of the native language, are given. The authors come to the conclusion that replacing personal professional communication with electronic communication reveals the level of emotional intelligence of a person, in particular, a lawyer, in a slightly different way. The situation is complicated by the absence of prescribed or tacitly created norms of behavior in distance learning / form of work based on the experience of at least one generation of citizens. The causal relationship "student in distance education" - "lawyer in a distance position" today rests not only on the acquired professional competencies, but also on the development or underdevelopment of emotional intelligence. Measures are proposed to solve the problem of emotional and intellectual formation of a personality. The authors are convinced that EQ plays an extremely important role in the process of distance learning / form of work, and, outlining the range of current problems in this area, highlight possible ways to solve them.
The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of the textual competence of the future speechwriter, in particular, its abstract component. The topic of the publication is actualized by the understanding of the need to solve the problem of the formation the skills of working with information among university students of the philological direction, the acquisition of which seems to be especially relevant in the context of the modern information society.
Purpose of the article: to present a set of abstract exercises aimed at the formation of the abstract component of the textual competence of a future speechwriter in the process of teaching a foreign language. A future speechwriter must learn how to work with texts of various types, he must master the skills to create, process and refine (analyze, interpret, expert, transform) texts.
The discipline "Foreign language" has great potential in solving this problem. In foreign language classes the text acts as a subject, means and learning outcome. The methodological basis of the research was formed by a competence-based approach to the professional training of future bachelors of applied philology, which is aimed at developing students' competencies UK-4, OPK-4, related to the analysis and interpretation of the text. The article describes a set of exercises focused on the formation of students' skills of semantic perception of the text and understanding of its content, skills of presenting the original source in a concise form. The basis for the development of a complex of abstract exercises is the algorithm of speechwriter's activity in the process of creating a text. The technology of forming the abstract component of textual competence includes several stages for working with a foreign language text: organizational, procedural and final. The article presents a set of exercises in German, allowing to develop the skills of text processing, its analysis, compression, creation of secondary text. In the process of their implementation students' textual competence is formed.
The relevance of the article is conditioned by the urgency of the situation due to the pandemic, specifically: the necessity of using distance learning technologies to the full extent for a long period of time with no loss in quality of educational process.
The aim of the article is to comprehend theoretical basics of distance learning (DL) and generalize the experience of its use at the International Medical Institute (IMI) of Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education “Kursk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEE HE KSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia; KSMU).
The objectives of the research are search and further improvement of tools, methods and techniques of DL, enhancing its outcome and minimizing the negative factors, which affect the results of educational process.
In order to achieve the target goal, the following methods were chosen: survey of the representative groups, receiving and revealing of the empiric data, comparison of the obtained results and statistical data processing as well. The article is concerned with the results of the sociological survey on satisfaction of foreign students with the quality of DL in the spring semester of 2019/2020 academic year. The analysis of the educational process is carried out from the perspective of an educational service consumer (student) in order to reconsider the existing experience of teaching methods used in the remote mode for the achievement of the appropriate level of knowledge acquisition and shaping skills and abilities among students necessary for future professional activity. The IMI students from 1 to 6th year of study served as respondents. They tried to describe objectively their distance learning experience at FSBEE HE KSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia, all the difficulties that they had to face, the way they solved emerging challenges and things that need to be changed. The results of the student survey showed the necessity of improving tools, methods and techniques in distance learning. The advantages of DL with the use of digital services are evident under the existing circumstances, but its use is connected with certain negative developments that must be excluded in accordance with the research results of customer satisfaction within the educational system.
Working conditions, physical and psychological loads, various requirements and restrictions imposed on fire service specialists require appropriate resources for effective socio-psychological and professional adaptation.
Purpose – comprehensively assess the features of socio-psychological and professional adaptation of employees of extreme professions (on the example of the State fire service).
Study design. The sample is divided into two study groups: pilot - 26 employees of 1 specialized fire and rescue unit for the fight of major fires of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations in Kursk Oblast, average age
32.8 ± 0.17 years, average length of service 10,8 ± 0.23 years; test - 26 specialists in non-extreme occupations (among them IT specialists, linguists, lawyers, managers, teachers), average age 31.7 ± 0.12 years, average length of service 10.9 ± 0.14 years. The experimental and control groups were equalized by age, length of service and gender (only men participated in the study).
Findings. Fire service specialists are characterized by a more adaptive response to stressful reactions in their professional activities, a low propensity to risk and a more responsible approach to making risky and life-threatening
decisions, a high level of resilience, a low probability of suicidal risk if there is interest in the activity performed and overall satisfaction with professional activities and working conditions, relationships with colleagues and professional achievements. The socio-psychological and professional adaptation components are closely linked and have an impact on the interaction of fire-fighting staff within and outside the workplace, on job satisfaction and overall life satisfaction, the level of inclusion and responsibility in the work, as well as the level of stress and the propensity for acute psychoemotional reactions.
Value of results. The results of the study can be used to further study the phenomena of socio-psychological and professional adaptation within the framework of general, social, organizational psychology, and labor psychology, as well as to develop a program of psychological support aimed at optimizing the adaptation process for employees of extreme professions.
The study of factors influencing the success of rehabilitation of persons with acquired musculoskeletal disorders acquired in adulthood is determined by the increasing role in the psychological support and integration of such individuals into society, as well as the lack of methodological approaches and proven recommendations aimed at improving the rehabilitation process. The article presents the psychological characteristics of people with musculo-skeletal disorders acquired in adulthood. According to the results of psychodiagnostic examination, a model of psychological support for persons with musculoskeletal disorders has been developed. Experimental verification of the effectiveness of the model of an individual program of rehabilitation and readaptation of persons with disorders of the musculoskeletal system acquired in adulthood has been carried out.
The aim of the study was to study the psychological characteristics of persons with acquired disorders of musculoskeletal disorders, to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a model of psychological rehabilitation.
We used the following research methods: clinical and psychological, psychodiagnostic, statistical, methods of analysis of empirical data. It was revealed that persons with acquired disorders of musculoskeletal disorders are characterized by low adaptive abilities, an increased level of neuropsychic stress. Characterized by an insufficient level of self-actualization, self-regulation, the ability to consciously plan activities. It is determined that resilience is characterized by low involvement, insufficient ability to overcome life difficulties. It is shown that a personal factor that enhances maladjustment is low contact, emotional tension when interacting with others. The proposed model of psychological assistance to persons with disorders of the musculo-skeletal system helps to overcome passivity, alienation; the formation of independence, responsibility, an active life position, a system of value orientations, strengthening of social position, and, ultimately, successful social integration. Psychocorrectional work with a person with disorders of the musculoskeletal system acquired in adulthood is considered a fundamental direction in the process of organizing psychological support, since the primary task is to correct non-adaptive ways of a person's behavior, activate his internal resources for personal development and solve psychological problems with which he collides.
