The purpose of this work is a general description of the representation of phraseological names of men / women in the speech of modern native speakers of the Russian language on the material of media texts.
In the course of the study, the following intermediate tasks were solved: a quantitative analysis of phraseological units nominating a man and a woman in modern media texts was carried out; the features of their stylistic and emotionally expressive coloring were revealed; the selected phraseological units were classified into thematic groups, conclusions were drawn about their relationship. The methods of observation, continuous sampling, quantitative and contextual analysis, systematization and classification of linguistic material are used in the work. It is shown that the number of stable combinations nominating a woman in the usage exceeds the corresponding indicator of units naming a man. However, not all of them belong to the active language stock: the third part of the entire corpus of selected phraseological units is not found in media texts, which can be explained by their folklore and dialect origin, the presence of outdated elements in their composition or book coloring, which is not always appropriate in journalistic discourse. Models with "lady" and "gender" components are actively used. In modern media texts, bookish, colloquial and colloquial turns are most widely used; often the usual book coloring in the context is reduced by creating an ironic intonation. Phraseological units representing the images of men and women are thematically grouped into three groups - according to the social, physiological and psychological characteristics of a person. The most widely represented group of phraseological units naming the social characteristics of a person (the ratio of the three groups is 3 : 1 : 1). Within each thematic group, the phraseological names of women outnumber the corresponding nominations of men quantitatively.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the role and influence of individual political events on the communicative behavior of politicians. Georgian-language political texts reflect the most significant external and internal political events. The communicative means used by speakers are a form of representation of reality through language and an effective means that contributes to the formation of the "necessary" picture of the world to the addressee, which has the strongest pragmatic effect, since they combine pragmatic, cognitive and linguistic knowledge in relation to politics, culture, ideology and history. Often the recipient understands and accepts reality through the prism of the information presented to the audience, as well as through established stereotypes, images, prototypes. Modern political activity does not exist without the use of language, which implies a certain pragmatic goal, and one of the most interesting topics for scientists in the field of political communication is the analysis of political discourse during periods of significant political events at both the local and interstate levels. The linguistic means implemented in political discourse can be considered as one of the ways to creatively position the ideas and postulates of the ruling elites. The use of diverse communicative ways of influencing the audience is characteristic of modern political discourse in many languages. In this article, we have attempted to illustrate the main trends of their use in political discourse, which is characteristic of Georgian politicians in the political segment of "foreign relations with Russia". The choice of texts of the political discourse of modern Georgia is explained by the fact that today there are a limited number of works related to the study of Georgian-language political texts within the framework of political linguistics. When writing this article, the author studied exclusively original materials in the Georgian language. We believe that the materials reflected in this work may be interesting and useful to linguists, cartwellologists and specialists in the field of intercultural and political communication.
A special place in the process of interpersonal interaction belongs to the Internet, which has become an integral part of the life of a civilized society, which could not but affect the form and method of communication, which nowadays has largely moved from the real world to the virtual world and entailed a number of changes in the very nature and structure of interpersonal communication. The significant changes that communication is undergoing due to the development of computer technology require special study and therefore represent an important research task. At the same time, it is relevant to take into account that the participants of communication on the Internet use a fundamentally new arsenal of means of representation of thought, in which verbal ways of making statements are integrated with non-verbal means.
The objective of the current study is to consider communication as a flexible dynamic process with a large number of possible ways of development. The paper focuses on the autopoesis theory as a methodological platform for the study of communication in the Internet space. This approach allows us to consider the dynamics of Internet-mediated communication and model communicants’ behavior, thereby describing the processality of communicative interaction based on such adaptive parameters as activity, language capacity and structurality. When considering communication from the autopoiesis perspective, it allows to identify cause-and-effect relationships in the behavior of communicants and talk about a communicative act as a process with several acceptable development options. Adaptation as the basis of all the activities of communicants makes it possible to state the behavior of participants in the Internet-forums and chats from the point of view of their individual characteristics, interests and values, and not to consider them as components of a fixed scheme of interaction.
The problem of inter-categorial interaction and interdependence of functional-semantic categories of taxis and instrumentality remains today outside the field of scientific consideration of modern linguists.
The purpose of this article is to describe the issue of intercategorial interaction of the functional-semantic subcategory of taxis of simultaneity and the category of instrumentality in the context of linguistic representation of instrumental-taxis categorical situations of simultaneity in modern German.
The main objectives of this study were the description of various instrumental-taxis categorial situations of simultaneity (regulatory, performing, effective) and the determination of their prototypical elements (instrumental prepositions, causative verbs of purposeful physical / mental impact, actional / procedural deverbatives, etc.)
During the research, the following general scientific and linguistic methods were used: descriptive, contextual, classification method, as well as techniques of component and distributive analysis. In the course of the study, it was found that the intercategorial interaction of the categories of taxis and instrumentalities is a factor that determines the constitution of the instrumental-taxis semantic syncret-complex of simultaneity in German statements with taxis prepositions of instrumental semantics. As a result of the study, various instrumental-taxis categorial situations of simultaneity were identified, which are actualized in statements with polytaxis and monotaxis prepositions of instrumental semantics mit, durch, unter, mittels and per. Taxis markers of instrumental semantics, as well as causative verbs of purposeful physical or mental impact and actional / procedural deverbatives, acting, in turn, as taxis actualizers, were identified as prototypical constituents of instrumental-taxis categorial situations of simultaneity in German.
The article describes general characteristics of one of the main aspects of French psycholinguistics which is the language acquisition (with a focus on the second language acquisition).
The relevance of the study is due to the necessity of suggesting a systematic approach to psycholinguistics as well as to the need of increasing the number of available research works in the domain.
The aim of the article is to characterize the genesis and the evolution of one of the fundamental fields of French psycholinguistics.
The paper lists a number of central issues explored by modern French psycholinguists; identifies the origins of the field of language acquisition and traces the history of its formation; lists the key concepts of foreign schools that have influenced the formation of the field in France, highlighting the main hypotheses and terms used in this area in Western studies; characterizes the impact of the native and acquired foreign language on the learning of a foreign language; considers the features of communication between native and non-native speakers and touches upon the problem of mutual influence between speech and mental activity. Analysis, description and comparison are the main methods used in the study. The articles of French psycholinguists and some other specialists in the domain which had an impact on the genesis of these problems in French science serve as research material. The article gives an analytical representation of the second language acquisition theory, describes the genesis of the matter and the way modern psycholinguistics and cognitive studies present it, characterizes the main theoretical grounds of modern studies dedicated to language acquisition. The author also draws attention to some controversial issues related to this field of study.
The article reveals some comparative analysis results of the two experimental researches of the gender aspect of the native Russian speakers’ perception of new words meanings. Such researches contribute into individual conscience studies that are crucial for the understanding of the whole nationality cultural and social worldview. The experimental researches being analyzed were conducted within a fifteen years period and with a purpose of finding out any inconsistences between the received results that can indicate some dynamics in speech and cogitation activities and in extralinguistic impacts they are exposed to as well as in possible gender stereotypes and attitudes recent changes. Methods of a cue word familiarity indication, a word meaning clarity evaluation and associative reaction were used to achieve the stated purpose. The results of the latest experimental data quantitative analysis and its comparison to the first research data are displayed in the article. During this information processing the researchers verified the fact that gender does not make any essential impact on the speech and cogitation activities. Some inconsistent and contradictory tendencies were also detected as a result of the comparative analysis. In conclusion, the authors of the article emphasize that a precise interpretation of them as well as of more frequent refuses from association reacting manifested during the latest research will be revealed after the both experiments qualitative analysis
and comparison.
The current social and economic situation characterized by overall informatization demonstrates prevailing modern activities participated in to a greater extent virtually as causing speech deviations and disorders. The article deals with the issues of speech / text processing. It reports the results of the interdisciplinary study on speech perception and speech understanding ability among preschool children in the context of a child`s speech development process.
The object of the article is to study the mechanisms driving the ability to understand the spoken language in ontogenesis taking into account new research in the field of polycoded communication.
The analysis of extralinguistic surroundings is conducted, the last being viewed as social factors affecting the child under experiment. The research on the active understanding of a language message given in spoken words has been designed to make use of a proven methodology tested by E. G. Bieva in the 80-s of the last century. Methods of denotational text analysis, a questionnaire method and a method for predicting the risk of speech pathology are made use of. It is concluded that the ability to understand a text message is being developed in the context of a well-organized subject-based practical activity of a child and their communication with adults. Attention is drawn to the deterioration of children's speech health and general decrease in the level of speech / text understanding in preschool childhood. It is considered to be a topic of further research viewed in the context of functional illiteracy and rapid development of polycoded communication.
The work is devoted to the description of the results of an empirical study of the image of the Russian color term orange in the linguistic consciousness of modern representatives of the Russian-speaking society. When organizing and conducting the study, we relied on the psycholinguistic theory of the word by A. A. Zalevskaya, works on the study of verbal associations on colors, in particular, the work of E. I. Goroshko and O. V. Safuanova, as well as on the theory of cultural knowledge of F. Sharifian.
The relevance of the study of the Russian color term orange and its image in the minds of representatives of modern Russian culture is determined by the lack of works devoted to the study of this subject from the point of view of psycholinguistics.
To conduct an empirical study we used methods of psycholinguistics (free associative experiment, Ch. Osgood's semantic differential), linguistic methods (definitional analysis), as well as statistical methods (factorial analysis). This made it possible to consider the phenomenon under study from various angles and to most fully reveal its essence. The data obtained during the experimental study were analyzed from the point of view of synchrony and diachrony. We also revealed the gender characteristics of the perception of Russian color term orange in the linguistic consciousness of the bearers of modern Russian culture. The results show the structure of the associative field of Russian color term orange, and also reflect the process of its transformation over the past thirty years. We also show the male and female associative fields' structure. The methodology used in the course of the study can be used in further work devoted to the study of various concepts from the point of view of psycholinguistics. The data presented in the work can be used in a wide range of research in the field of linguistics, psychology, advertising and marketing.
The article is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of the main ways of forming physical and mathematical terminology in English and Russian; the specifics of the word formation of physical and mathematical terms in English
speech are considered in detail, the importance of proficiency in the translation of English physical and mathematical terms at the present stage of society development is assessed.
The relevance of the topic of this study is determined by the need to give a detailed description of the scientific and technical term system, since some of the features of the word formation of physical and mathematical terms in the English language continue to be insufficiently studied, in particular.
The study is based on the material of the English language, which is traditionally the main source of borrowings, including terminological ones, and the Russian language. The physical and mathematical terminology of the Russian language is formed in three main ways: using its own means of language, calculus and borrowing from international languages, while technical and mathematical terms in English speech have a number of features in their word formation. Russian scientific speech considers such distinctive characteristics as the possibility of distinguishing graphic and phonetic-graphic variants in the British list of definitions and their complete absence in Russian scientific speech, the presence of syntactic variants in Russian terminology that are not characteristic of British speech, the presence of elliptical varieties and polysemy in the British list of physical terminology that are not characteristic of a similar Russian list. Terminological units of the sublanguage of mathematics are represented mainly by non-derivative words from Latin and ancient Greek, which combine into terminological phrases and thus form the English mathematical terminological system. The methodological basis of this study was the continuous sampling method, descriptive method, comparative analysis, linguistic statistical analysis. The systematized material proposed by the author of the article can be used in pedagogical and scientific activities in the field of such branches of linguistics as linguistic terminology, derivatology, contrastive linguistics. In addition, the results obtained can be useful in compiling reference manuals on scientific and technical terminology.
The article touches upon the problems of formation and development of a professional through mastering the history of costume and fashion as part of world art culture, the stylistic features of art inherent in a certain people, country, time. Costume as a cultural phenomenon is considered from the standpoint of various scientific fields: philosophy, history, sociology, psychology, design, etc. In the process of searching for a modern perspective cut of clothing, an expressive artistic image of the model, students turn to the research of historical materials, ancient books on design, material processing technologies, including technical aspects of costume decoration. By studying theoretical information, students form ideas about the design and manufacturing technologies of not only fashionable garments of various eras and countries, but also their region. The province, "small towns" and villages still store a lot of unexplored. Visiting archives, local history museums, galleries, acquaintance with the culture and life of their ancestors increases interest in the subject, causes a sense of admiration for the skill and elegance of traditional clothing, shoes, hats and accessories. In the course of practical work, relying on the developed algorithm, which serves to solve not one specific task, but a number of identified problems, students receive a certain set of skills necessary for the creative activity of future fashion industry professionals. The acquired knowledge and skills are used by students in carrying out research work, developing collections of clothing models for participation in competitions and introduction into production. Mastering the skills of determining the stylistic features of the costume and various techniques of artistic processing of materials contributes to the development of design thinking, which is so necessary in the competitive conditions of the design industry market.
The article is devoted to the study of the linguistic manipulation of image advertising.
The importance of advertising communication, the need for deeper understanding of the mechanisms of speech influence and linguistic means used in advertising determine the relevance.
Despite the amount of scientific literature devoted to various aspects of advertising, the issue of integrating knowledge into a complex model containing information about both the mechanisms of linguistic manipulation and the specific expressive means of language remains insufficiently studied, which defines the purpose.
The objectives are the consideration of the linguistic manipulation in advertising, analysis of the model of cognitive-psychological influence of advertising texts on an individual, as well as the study of the linguistic characteristics of advertising text and, in particular, expressive means, aimed at intensifying the process of linguistic manipulation.
The communicative influence of image advertising is carried out by influencing the knowledge and attitudes of an individual towards an object of advertising, determining their predisposition to change consumer behavior. In addition, the complex character of the linguistic manipulation of advertising text is developed at all levels from phoneme/grapheme to a sentence, and the leading role in the linguistic manipulation belongs to the interaction of cognitive spheres and associative connections formed in the individual lexicon of a person. The analysis of image advertising texts shows that language expressive means used in advertising are actively used for explicit and/or latent influence on audience, creating and / or transforming associative connections and internal images of an advertising object in the individual lexicon.
The topic of the publication is updated by the understanding of the need to solve the problem of professionally oriented education of students of non-linguistic areas of the university.
The purpose of the article is the development of a theoretical and practical basis for forming the phraseological awareness in the process of teaching a foreign language to a future bachelor of 42. 03. 01 Advertising and public relations training focus area (the bachelor's degree level).
When developing a methodology, professionally oriented, text-centric and contextual approaches are methodologically justified. Professionally-oriented teaching of a foreign language to students of non-linguistic areas and training profiles involves a combination of mastering a professional foreign language vocabulary with the acquisition of additional professional knowledge. As part of the development of the discipline "Foreign Language", future bachelors are trained in the perception of phraseological units through a professionally oriented text, which is the source of the necessary vocabulary, terminology and can serve as the subject of analysis. For the analysis of textual material when teaching phraseological units, methods and techniques are used: semantic interpretation in a foreign or native language, linguistic and cultural commentary and a comparative analysis of phraseological units in German and Russian. The author compiled phraseological content, which included professionally oriented authentic texts, selected a professionally oriented glossary, developed a number of tasks and exercises, the purpose of which is to acquaint students - future advertisers with the peculiarities of using phraseological units in the language of advertising, to introduce the most frequent phraseological units into the passive dictionary. In the process of fulfilling the system of tasks, the phraseological awareness of students is formed. The article also describes the main results of the control experiment on working with phraseological units. The control sections showed the dynamics of growth in the levels of formation of phraseological awareness of the future advertiser in three components (motivational, cognitive, procedural) in the experimental group of students compared with the data of the control group. The conclusion sums up the importance of using phraseological units for enhancing the motivation of studying foreign languages and the future profession.
The paper deals with such concepts as «stress» and «stress resistance»; the main characteristics of the causes and consequences of stress in students are given; the necessity of forming stress resistance as the basis of students' personal resource is studied.
The relevance of studying the problem lies in solving one of the main tasks of modern education, which consists in encouraging the effective educational process of students, their activity and independence.
A high level of stress resistance is the psychological basis for the independence of young people. A necessary condition for the formation of a response to stress is the choice by students of their future profession. Many factors affect the successful training of young professionals, one of which is stress. Difficulties that arise in the educational process cause additional pressure, as a result of which stress develops. This gives rise to the need to study the ability of students to cope with stress factors, the level of which affects the quality of their educational activities.
The purpose of this psychological study was to study the formation of stress tolerance in the student environment.
The paper studies such characteristics as stressful sensations in behavioral, somatic, and emotional indicators (psychological stress scale); self-assessment of stress resistance; level of stress resistance; ways of «coping behavior» (coping mechanisms). In the work, a bibliometric analysis of the problem was carried out, an empirical study was carried out. Thanks to the experiment, it was proved that for students there is a need for socio-psychological training, which is aimed at increasing stress resistance, reducing stress and tension levels according to appropriate coping strategies. The methodological basis of the study was made up of approaches: a systematic, axiological approach, humanistically oriented. The research methods were theoretical analysis of scientific research; organizational methods; empirical methods: observation, psychodiagnostic methods.
Purpose of research. Emotional intelligence development of preschoolers, in our opinion, is a solid basis for future personality formation and successful socialization.
The purpose of our research is to examine some aspects of emotional intelligence in older preschoolers. Cognitive and emotional components of emotional intelligence are under consideration. in The relationship between the level of emotional intelligence development and some aspects of senior preschoolers behavior is shown.
Methods. Projective research methods and testing are the main ones used in the work. We applied the following methodologies: the "Houses" technique worked out by O.A. Orekhova and the "Study of social emotions" technique proposed by G.A. Uruntaeva.
Results. An empirical study revealed that the vast majority of children participating in the study had an insufficient level of social emotion. These children demonstrated limited perceptions of social emotions, what can lead to problems in building relationships with the surrounding reality, society, major errors in differentiating emotions were made by children in blocks of interpersonal interaction and potential aggression. At the same time, the study showed that children are able to have compassion, empathize, strive to help others, learn to rejoice for friends. The most differentiated responses of children were in relation to situations with peers. The study showed that the main difficulties of preschoolers are associated not so much with the lack of ideas about social emotions, as with their differentiation and willingness to show.
Conclusion. Thus, the development of children's emotional intelligence should be implemented simultaneously with the optimization of relationship among older preschoolers.
Of particular relevance today are studies in the field of gender and its relationship with various individual psychological characteristics of the individual. Observations in the field of gender show that the manner of behavior, features of personal response to a situation, ways out of a problematic situation are determined by the type of gender identity.
The purpose of our study was to study the relationship between gender and individual psychological characteristics of personality.
Research methods: the gender role questionnaire by S.Bem, the test by T. Leary (modified by Yu. A. Reshetnyak, G. S. Vasilchenko), correlation analysis was used for data processing. 60 respondents, aged from 18 to 22 years, acted as the research material. The article presents a theoretical overview of the problem of gender identity from the point of view of various directions. Views on the dichotomy of gender identity and interpersonal interaction are presented. During the experimental study, using correlation analysis, the main system-forming components were identified such as: dominance and friendliness, in the structure of which other characteristics can be entered, for dominance: authoritarianism, egoism, aggressiveness, suspicion, for friendliness: altruism, dependence, subordination. At the same time, it is worth noting that the study did not reveal high correlations between gender identity and interpersonal interaction. Many researchers strive to give clear characteristics of gender differences, and therefore rigidly attribute to feminine manifestations such traits as: altruism, submissiveness, gentleness, timidity, emotionality, etc., to masculine manifestations are attributed: aggressiveness, egoism, authoritarianism, etc. But these manifestations are not clearly attributed to one or another gender, because one and the same characteristic is inherent in both genders, but its manifestations will be different. Therefore, the dichotomy of this issue can form the basis for further research.
