The article analyzes the artistic onomasticons of works of three genres in which a fantastic reality is created, namely fantasy novels, dystopian novels and science fiction. The article is based on the idea that, despite the high degree of conventionality, a literary genre is a dynamic category, and genres can arise on the basis of other genres by borrowing their essential features. Affiliation works of fiction to a certain genre in the first place given it a chronotope, but amid the fast-paced literary industry, and given the wide variety of literature, primarily the novel genre, as well as the rapidly changing aesthetic needs of modern man, the chronotope can be regarded as the only gianroberto element of a literary text.
The purpose of the analysis is to demonstrate that the fantasy worlds created in the works of the selected genres differ not only in the chronotope and the type of opposition, but also in the type of onomastic code.
The main methods of research were the methods of linguistic stylistic, statistical analysis (counting method) and the method of interpretation, which allow: to establish the role of proper names in the spatial-temporal and genre organization of a work of art literature; to identify the percentage of different types of proper names used in one work; interpret the results obtained and relate them to the main purpose of the article.
The material of the study was the works of T. Pratchett, R. Bradbury and A. Asimov.
The analysis carried out in the framework of the article is not exhaustive, but it confirms that the works of the three genres in which the fantastic reality is described differ in the types of oppositions, chronotope and onomastic code, the genre-forming role of which is particularly emphasized in the article.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the usage of onomastic phraseological units being formed on the basis of well-known historical facts and events in modern media texts.
The relevance of research is due to the fact that it contributes to the data acquisition on the specifics of the usage of phraseological units in modern media speech, which serve as a form of storing national historical memory and accumulating cultural meanings.
The aim of the work is to describe possible semantic changes, structural and semantic transformations of phraseological units of the mentioned group, actualization and deactualization of the original precedent situations that had produced phraseological units in the process of using by native speakers.
Observation methods, continuous sampling, quantitative and contextual analysis, classification, and systematization of language material are used in this work.
The analysis expands the understanding of the mechanisms of handling phraseological material. It is shown that the historical situation underlying onomastic phraseological units is often updated in modern media texts. It is revealed that an important structural and semantic element of the Russian language consciousness is the expression Potemkin villages. The following phraseological units Potemkin villages, Napoleonic plans, the Lynch justice have the highest index of precedence. Various transformations of anthroponymic phraseological units are observed in the newspaper corpus, for instance, expansion of the component composition, word-formation and component modding, transformation of the structure of fixed expression. The combinations Stolypin car and Stolypin tie are used in common within the same context, in which the anthroponym is updated. The peculiarity of the usage of FE by the Newtonian binomial is that native speakers often use it in a negative construction ("not a Newtonian binomial") or in the original form, but in the opposite meaning of "it's a simple matter"("It’s not rocket science"). The phraseological meaning of the constructions of the analyzed group generally develops slightly, in the direction of the appearance of some semantic shades.
The article is devoted to the analysis of computational linguistics terminology systemacity.
The purpose of the article is to identify systemic relations in the computational linguistics terminology, to analyze its relations with other special vocabulary systems, general scientific and intersectoral.
The article solves problems of studying the computational linguistics terms functioning sphere, representing its systemic connections in the form of a "core—periphery" model, analyzing the main types of computational linguistics terms interconnection with other systems of special vocabulary and common language. The study of terminological material is carried out on the basis of a descriptive method and a quantitative analysis method. The study results showed that the computational linguistics terminology functions as a special names system in the applied scientific field, focused on the use of computer tools, mathematical models and artificial intelligence in linguistics and related disciplines. It is concluded that systemic connections in the computational linguistics terminology can be represented in the form of the "core—periphery" model. The core terms, related to the theoretical and technological direction of automatic natural language processing, function in the center of the system under study. The terms of the periphery determine the connection of the computational linguistics conceptual base with the terminology of linguistics, mathematics, computer science, artificial intelligence, and other sciences and theories. In the computational linguistics terminology, the following system relations types are identified: obtaining the core term by clarifying the initial periphery term, forming the core term based on the composition of two or more initial periphery terms, forming the core term by gradually specifying the initial peripheral terms. The obtained results indicate that the computational linguistics terminology is a dynamically developing system of modern special vocabulary, which is open and closely related to other terminologies.
In the article, authors basing on the popular Russian and Chinese material of instant messaging client programs, conduct a comparative analysis of an adaptation of the written communication against the one mediated by messengers’ techniques.
The authors also identify the characteristics of the oral and written speech contamination based on the material of the two typologically different languages: Russian and Chinese. The main feature of communication in the messengers is to make the text messages closer to the oral communication format. To achieve this goal, a variety of means are used, which should be advisably divided into technical, linguistic and paralinguistic ones. The comparison of the Russian- and Chinese-language messengers showed that the technical characteristics of the messengers have both common and distinctive features. Thus, the Russian-language messengers contain more “synchronicity markers” and a greater variety of smileys than the Chinese-language ones. At the same time, the Chinese-language messenger is not only a communicator, but it also contains other functions (e-wallet, online shops, news feeds, subscription, etc.). Typological differences between the Russian and Chinese languages influence the specificity of linguistic and paralinguistic contamination means. Both Russian and Chinese languages actively use acronyms and abbreviations to reduce the time of typing a message, and employ repetitions of words to show the expression. However, the nature of these means is not the same and is conditional upon typological differences. In the Russian-language messengers, the transition to a raised voice is transmitted by means of capital letters, and the expression and the length of pronunciation are conveyed through the vowel doubling. Such means are not available in the Chinese language due to the hieroglyphic nature of writing.
This article is a comprehensive study of the image of Russian color term brown in the linguistic consciousness of modern Russian culture bearers. To identify the image of this color term we used various psycholinguistic (free associative experiment, semantic differential), linguistic (definitional analysis) and statistical (factor analysis) methods. The presented study is part of a study devoted to the psycholinguistic study of the images of twelve Russian color terms. The basis of our work is the psycholinguistic research of A. A. Zalevskaya, the theory of cultural knowledge by F. Sharifian, as well as the works of E. I. Goroshko and O. V. Safuanova devoted to the study of colors
and color terms.
The object of the study is color term brown.
The subject of the research is the image of color as a reflection of objects and phenomena of the material world in the linguistic consciousness of an individual.
Our study allowed us to consider the image of color term brown both in the synchronous and diachronic aspects, since we used the data of experiments carried out in different years served as the material for the study. The presence of both men and women among the respondents made it possible to carry out a gender comparison of the results and to determine the gender specificity of the perception of the investigated verbal stimulus. As a result, the work shows the structure and gender characteristics of color term brown associative field, as well as the dynamics of its change. The research methodology presented in this work can be used for a comprehensive analysis of the images of various terms in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers of different languages.
The paper focuses on academic discourse through the prism of bibliometric analysis.
The relevance of the research is determined by a variety of approaches to this type of discourse, a wide range of empiric material, as well as a constantly growing list of publications that reflect various aspects of academic discourse functioning.
The research aims at identifying key trends in the study of English academic discourse at the current stage.
The range of research objectives includes systematization of publications on academic discourse in terms of topics, research material, genre diversity, approaches to its study, as well as methods of analysis. The main methodological principle of the research is to apply bibliometric analysis to the study of the main problems of academic discourse. The research results have shown that the key areas of research in academic discourse are socialization in academic discourse, digital research methods, genre diversity, etc. The study showed that bibliometric analysis is an effective tool for studying current trends in the study of academic discourse. Researchers focus on the linguistic, socio-cultural, evaluative, pragmatic, emotional aspects of this type of discourse. Oral and written texts of academic discourse in all their diversity become the material of research, varying from the statements of the teacher in the classroom to the academic blog.
The relevance of the purpose setting of teaching a foreign language in military institutions of higher education is related to the need for high-quality language training of military specialists due to the processes of society globalization.
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the goals and axiological aspects of vocational-oriented foreign language education and to reveal the linguistic potential of the subject "foreign language" in a higher military school.
Objectives of the work are to determine the goals of foreign language training; conduct a questionnaire of students in military institutions of higher education; to identify areas of application of a foreign language by military experts; to build a model for the purpose of teaching a foreign language at a military higher school.
The methodology is based on a system-categorical approach. Theoretical methods such as the analysis of scientific literature, triadic two-level decryption and contradiction schemes, as well as empirical methods of questionnaire of students, and statistical methods of data processing were applied.
Results. Three main areas of application of a foreign language are identified: language for special purposes, language for general purposes and language for individual purposes. The surveys of students showed that the importance of a foreign language at a higher military school is highly appreciated for the comprehensive development of the individual and professional competencies, as well as for improving the information and communication skill needed in the modern world. The main contradiction in the motivation and goal of learning a foreign language is between the need to learn a language for equal intercultural communication and the knowledge of the language of the alleged opponent.
Conclusion. The axiological justification of foreign-language education in a higher military school on the basis of taking into account the lingual-didactic potential of a foreign language, as well as the targeted and value-motivating attitudes of students, allows us to determine the goals of foreign-language education in accordance with the current requirements of society and improve the quality of language training of a modern military specialist. Due to the characteristics of universality and "futility," a foreign language can serve as the basis for inter-subject integration and the development of intercultural communication.
At present, the main challenges for education are to train highly qualified professionals who know a subject inside out and modern technology and means of teaching as well. Current professional education should be focused on the student training and characterized by the formed value-based attitude towards future teaching profession.
This is exactly what defines relevance.
The purpose of the work is to give theoretical justification and develop a pedagogical model of the formation of value-based attitude towards foreign language teachers by students of teaching disciplines in contemporary society.
The main objectives accomplished in pursuit of this purpose have been 1) to study update on the problem of value-based attitude towards foreign language teachers in humanitarian paradigm; 2) to develop and define a pedagogical model of the formation of value-based attitude towards foreign language teachers along with its further practical approbation within the real training.
As the main methods, the theoretical analysis and the systematization of scientific researches, the analysis of existing methodologies and approaches to the formation of value-based attitude towards foreign language teachers, the pedagogical simulation method, were used. The investigation resulted in a validation of the importance of the high value-based attitude towards future teaching specialities (in particular, foreign language teachers) at the university level, as well as the development of the pedagogical model that can be best effected in practice for the desired level of the achieving of value-based attitude towards teaching profession in the contemporary society.
Today in the conditions of the multipolar world there is a need of the fundamental principles of the development and publication of a study course with Russian language textbooks of contextual education for training specialists of the not-language higher education institutions that possess the developed professional competence. It represents the integrity of foreign-language and professional competences, motives, emotional and strong-willed qualities of the expert and provides social, sociocultural and psychological process of professional activity. The article regards the individual and group lessons in learning Russian as a foreign language. The theory of contextual training (A.A. Verbitsky) is taken as the psychological and pedagogical base. It represents the integrity of foreign-language and professional competences, motives, emotional and strong-willed qualities of the expert and provides social, sociocultural and psychological process of professional activity. Contextualized teaching and learning builds upon a similar concept of putting academic activities into perspective to achieve the best teaching and learning outcomes. For the first time theoretical bases of the branch textbooks for foreign students of not-language higher education institutions are proved and can be developed. The article presents preliminary results of the survey hold at South-West State University (Kursk, Russian Federation) with the participation of foreign students. The survey procedure is described, аn attempt has been undertaken to analyze this form of education in the view of foreign students.
The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the specificity of the competence approach implementation
in higher education in the Russian Federation. It is noted that the stage of institutionalization of the considered approach includes the formation of a system of principles and methodological guidelines aimed at obtaining an active and independently thinking subject as a result of training.
The purpose of the work is to determine the essential characteristics of the competence approach in training personnel for state and municipal management.
In this regard, the objectives of the research are to clarify the terms "competence" and "competency", to identify key competencies in the training of students in the field of "State and municipal management", to analyze the conditions and problems of competence approach implementation in higher education practice, and the content of key competencies in the training of managerial personnel.
An important aspect of the study is overcoming functional illiteracy, which is understood by the authors as incompetence in the process of basic abilities implementation. The signs of the phenomenon under study, indicators and ways to overcome it are specified.
The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that the existing practice of teaching the ancient language, based on traditional approaches and not much changed since the beginning of the XX century, comes into some contradiction with the requirements of the present time. Most textbooks were written in the XX century and are focused on the structural approach, which is based on working with texts. However, nowadays the implementation of the grammar-translation method can not give the same effect in terms of reducing hours, an increasing share of independent work of students and the introduction of a competencе-based approach to learning.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the educational and methodological base of teaching Latin in the context of current teaching practices and assess its effectiveness and compliance with modern requirements.
The authors of the article identify the features of Latin language textbooks used in higher Education institutions, show that they do not meet the current requirements and the problems associated with it, and also offer possible solutions to them.
Respectively the article deals with the following tasks: to identify the main techniques used in known textbooks of Latin language, to celebrate their strengths and weaknesses; trends of development of methods in recent years; to analyze, which changes are needed in a modern textbook to match competencе-based approach.
Methodology. The authors used a system of approaches and methods accepted in modern science, including the principle of consistency and complexity, methods of analysis and synthesis, and the comparative method.
Results. The authors note that the existing textbooks are focused on the traditional approach to teaching. In the publications of recent years, there is a tendency to profilize textbooks in depth, which, according to the authors, does not contribute to a better assimilation of the Latin language, but, on the contrary, leads to a superficial acquaintance with the language. The main problems in teaching Latin today the authors see in the lack of a modern manual and a new teaching methodology focused on the competence approach in higher education. The traditional method,
focused on the implementation of the grammar-translation method, as practice shows, does not give the same effect when reducing the share of hours and shifting the focus to independent activity of students.
Conclusion. A textbook that meets modern requirements should solve completely different tasks: teach students to solve standard and non-standard tasks, work in a group, and motivate you to learn. According to the authors,
the emphasis in teaching should be shifted to a broader use of algorithms, exercises and training. It is worth to supplement the existing textbooks with a variety of workbooks, workshops, and collections of exercises to make the learning process more active.
Relevance. One of the priority areas of the modern multi-level education system, in the predominant aspect of its modernization, is the massive inclusion of the contingent with disabilities in schools, colleges, technical schools, as well as in educational structures such as universities. The accessibility of inclusive education is considered through the training of “ordinary” students together with people with disabilities and persons with disabilities, without a tangible loss of the quality of the subjects studied, with the exclusion of absolutely any discrimination. The article is devoted to the actual problem of identifying the level of professional and personal readiness of university teachers to implement inclusive practice.
Purpose of the study. The purpose of this article is to identify the state of professional and personal readiness of teachers for the implementation of inclusive practice in the university.
Research objectives. In accordance with this goal, one of the main tasks of our work was solved, the assessment of the professional and personal readiness of the teachers of the organization for the implementation of inclusive practice through the determination of the basic orientation of the teacher's personality, the identification of polymotivational personality tendencies, the study of the self-assessment of the professional and pedagogical motivation of the teacher, the assessment of the orientation of teachers towards educational and disciplinary and personal activities of students; definition of inclusive professional competence of the teaching staff of the university.
Methods. The above tasks can be solved using a certain specially selected set of methods: study of scientific literature on the research problem, personal survey, online tests, individual conversations, qualitative processing of experimental data in quantitative and qualitative terms.
Results. The generalized results of the study show that the organization's teachers are able to implement inclusive practice.
Conclusions. Most of the organization's teachers are ready to create special and unique programs for people with any disabilities.
Conclusion. It is necessary to develop a new program that will contribute to the formation of professional and personal competencies of teachers of a higher educational institution, to expand the boundaries of the usual understanding of the possibilities of "ordinary" students and the contingent with disabilities in the format of various nosological categories.
