The Extralinguistic Context of the Activity of Understanding as a Sphere of Psycholinguistic Interest

   The current social and economic situation characterized by overall informatization demonstrates prevailing modern activities participated in to a greater extent virtually as causing speech deviations and disorders. The article deals with the issues of speech / text processing. It reports the results of the interdisciplinary study on speech perception and speech understanding ability among preschool children in the context of a child`s speech development process.

   The object of the article is to study the mechanisms driving the ability to understand the spoken language in ontogenesis taking into account new research in the field of polycoded communication.

   The analysis of extralinguistic surroundings is conducted, the last being viewed as social factors affecting the child under experiment. The research on the active understanding of a language message given in spoken words has been designed to make use of a proven methodology tested by E. G. Bieva in the 80-s of the last century. Methods of denotational text analysis, a questionnaire method and a method for predicting the risk of speech pathology are made use of. It is concluded that the ability to understand a text message is being developed in the context of a well-organized subject-based practical activity of a child and their communication with adults. Attention is drawn to the deterioration of children's speech health and general decrease in the level of speech / text understanding in preschool childhood. It is considered to be a topic of further research viewed in the context of functional illiteracy and rapid development of polycoded communication.

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