Methods of Formation of Physical and Mathematical Terminology in English and Russian

   The article is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of the main ways of forming physical and mathematical terminology in English and Russian; the specifics of the word formation of physical and mathematical terms in English
speech are considered in detail, the importance of proficiency in the translation of English physical and mathematical terms at the present stage of society development is assessed.
   The relevance of the topic of this study is determined by the need to give a detailed description of the scientific and technical term system, since some of the features of the word formation of physical and mathematical terms in the English language continue to be insufficiently studied, in particular.

   The study is based on the material of the English language, which is traditionally the main source of borrowings, including terminological ones, and the Russian language. The physical and mathematical terminology of the Russian language is formed in three main ways: using its own means of language, calculus and borrowing from international languages, while technical and mathematical terms in English speech have a number of features in their word formation. Russian scientific speech considers such distinctive characteristics as the possibility of distinguishing graphic and phonetic-graphic variants in the British list of definitions and their complete absence in Russian scientific speech, the presence of syntactic variants in Russian terminology that are not characteristic of British speech, the presence of elliptical varieties and polysemy in the British list of physical terminology that are not characteristic of a similar Russian list. Terminological units of the sublanguage of mathematics are represented mainly by non-derivative words from Latin and ancient Greek, which combine into terminological phrases and thus form the English mathematical terminological system. The methodological basis of this study was the continuous sampling method, descriptive method, comparative analysis, linguistic statistical analysis. The systematized material proposed by the author of the article can be used in pedagogical and scientific activities in the field of such branches of linguistics as linguistic terminology, derivatology, contrastive linguistics. In addition, the results obtained can be useful in compiling reference manuals on scientific and technical terminology.

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