On the Question of the Principles and Methods of Analysis Semantic Structure of a Polysemantic Word and Principles of Differentiation of Individual Meanings (based on the Spatial Meanings of Adjectives of the Size)

   The article presents the results of the study of the semantics of polysemical adjectives of the size of the modern French language at the level of paradigmatics and syntagmatics. When describing the structural composition of the analyzed units, the method of component analysis, as well as the method of transformation, was used. The analysis of the content of single-level units at the level of paradigmatics was supplemented by the analysis of their functioning at the level of syntagmatics. The proposed cross - analysis of the semantics of adjectives at the level of paradigmatics and syntagmatics as a method of identifying the proper semantics and the system of meanings of a polysemical word is based on the semantic proximity of adjectives united in one lexical – semantic group and the conditionality of their use as part of nominal combinations with nouns, the meaning of which includes signs of spatial characteristics. At the level of syntagmatics, there is a mutual highlighting of certain semantic features in the content of the meaning of both members of the noun phrase, which clarifies the meaning of a polysemantic adjective and expands the content of the meaning of the defined name. At the same time, the study of the content of a separate unit / or the lexical-semantic variant of the word/is carried out in parallel with the analysis of the relationships that are established between the units within the group. The study was conducted on authentic textual material using onomasiological and semasiological approaches. Explanatory dictionaries of the modern French language were also used as lexicographic sources. The reliability of the obtained results was also checked by interviewing native speakers of the French language, teachers of the Department of Lexicology of the French Language of Moscow State University, Moscow (formerly MSPI). Lenin). The result of the study was the conclusion that it is a comparative analysis of a sufficiently large number of lexical units describing a certain semantic space in its entirety that allows us to obtain an adequate description of the content of individual adjectives. A comparative analysis of the functioning of lexemes at the same time at the level of paradigmatics and at the level of syntagmatics allows us to solve the problem of differentiating different meanings of a polysemic word and the patterns of their use in nominal phrases.e content of individual meanings of adjectives. A comparative analysis of the functioning of lexemes at the same time at the level of paradigmatics and at the level of syntagmatics allows us to solve the problem of differentiating different meanings of a polysemic word and the patterns of their use in nominal phrases.

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