Features of Socio-Psychological and Professional Adaptation of Employees of Extreme Professions (on the Example of the State Fire Service)

   Working conditions, physical and psychological loads, various requirements and restrictions imposed on fire service specialists require appropriate resources for effective socio-psychological and professional adaptation.
   Purpose – comprehensively assess the features of socio-psychological and professional adaptation of employees of extreme professions (on the example of the State fire service).
   Study design. The sample is divided into two study groups: pilot - 26 employees of 1 specialized fire and rescue unit for the fight of major fires of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations in Kursk Oblast, average age
32.8 ± 0.17 years, average length of service 10,8 ± 0.23 years; test - 26 specialists in non-extreme occupations (among them IT specialists, linguists, lawyers, managers, teachers), average age 31.7 ± 0.12 years, average length of service 10.9 ± 0.14 years. The experimental and control groups were equalized by age, length of service and gender (only men participated in the study).

   Findings. Fire service specialists are characterized by a more adaptive response to stressful reactions in their professional activities, a low propensity to risk and a more responsible approach to making risky and life-threatening
decisions, a high level of resilience, a low probability of suicidal risk if there is interest in the activity performed and overall satisfaction with professional activities and working conditions, relationships with colleagues and professional achievements. The socio-psychological and professional adaptation components are closely linked and have an impact on the interaction of fire-fighting staff within and outside the workplace, on job satisfaction and overall life satisfaction, the level of inclusion and responsibility in the work, as well as the level of stress and the propensity for acute psychoemotional reactions.
   Value of results. The results of the study can be used to further study the phenomena of socio-psychological and professional adaptation within the framework of general, social, organizational psychology, and labor psychology, as well as to develop a program of psychological support aimed at optimizing the adaptation process for employees of extreme professions.

1. Bulgakov V. V. Prakticheskiy pozharnyy test: novaya forma podgotovki v oblasti pozharotusheniya [Practical fire test: a new form of fire-fighting training]. Professionalnoye obrazovaniye v Rossii i za rubezhom = Professional Education in Russia and Abroad, 2018, no. 3 (31), pp. 124-131.

2. Vasilyeva T. N., Romanov V. V. Social'no-psihologicheskaya adaptaciya molodyh cpecialistov-inzhenerov v proektnoj organizacii: problemy i strategiya ih preodoleniya [Socio-psychological adaptation of young specialists-engineers in the design organization: problems and strategies for overcoming them]. Organizacionnaya psihologiya = Organizational Psychology, 2019, no. 9 (2), pp. 93-105.

3. Vlasenko N. Yu., Makarova I. I., Belichenko N. A. Issledovaniye pokazateley variabelnosti serdechnogo ritma i osobennostey sindroma emotsionalnogo vygoraniya u pozharnykh spasateley [Research of indicators of heart rate variability and features of the emotional burnout syndrome in firefighters and rescuers]. Ulianovskiy mediko-biologicheskiy zhurnal = Ulyanovsk Medical and Biological Journal, 2017, no. 3, pp. 165-172.

4. Koroleva S. V., Mkrtychyan A. S. [New medical support technologies for fire and rescue training]. Pozharnaya i avariynaya bezopasnost. Sbornik materialov XIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Fire and emergency safety. Collection of materials of the XIII International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Ivanovo, 2018, pp. 311-314 (In Russ.).

5. Koteneva A. V., Kobzarev S. A. Osobennosti tsennostno-smyslovoy sfery spasateley s raznym urovnem professionalnoy sotsialno-psikhologicheskoy adaptatsii [Value added features of rescue workers with different levels of professional socio-psychological adaptation]. Sotsialnaya psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society, 2019, no. 10 (1), pp. 35-52.

6. Makushkin S. A. Sotsialno-psikhologicheskaya adaptatsiya sotrudnika kak subyekt upravlencheskoy deyatelnosti [Staff member’s socio-psychological adaptation as a subject of management]. Materialy Ivanovskikh chteniy = Materials of Ivanovo Readings, 2016, no. 2 (6), pp. 90-94.

7. Mayurov N. P., Mayurov P. N., Oroeva O. D. Osobennosti professionalnoy adaptatsii molodykh sotrudnikov OVD k sluzhbe [Characteristics of the professional adaptation of young internal affairs officers to the service]. Leningradskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal = Leningrad Law Journal, 2018, no. 4 (54), pp. 198-213.

8. Mitkina M. A. Riski adaptatsii sotrudnikov organizatsii k professionalnoy deyatelnosti [Risks of adaptation of the organization's employees to professional activities]. Vestnik sotsialno-gumanitarnogo obrazovaniya i nauki = Bulletin of Social and Humanitarian Education and Science, 2018, no. 1, pp. 45-48.

9. Mogilevskaya T. E., Gareev D. R. Pedagogicheskaya tekhnologiya formirovaniya prikladnykh fizicheskikh kachestv obuchayushchikhsya obrazovatelnykh organizatsiy vysshego obrazovaniya MChS Rossii v period stazhirovki [Pedagogical technology for the formation of applied physical qualities of students of educational institutions of higher education EMERCOM of Russia during the internship]. Uchenyye zapiski universiteta im. P.F. Lesgafta = Scientific Notes of the P. F. Lesgaft University, 2018, no. 12 (166), pp. 162-166.

10. Simonova O. S. Usloviya pedagogicheskogo soprovozhdeniya professionalnoy adaptatsii spetsialistov federalnogo gosudarstvennogo pozharnogo nadzora [Conditions for pedagogical support for the professional adaptation of the specialists of the Federal State Fire Department]. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University, 2015, no. 1, pp. 89-97.

11. Simonova O. S. Metodika pedagogicheskogo soprovozhdeniya professionalnoy adaptatsii spetsialistov federalnogo gosudarstvennogo pozharnogo nadzora [Pedagogical support for the professional adaptation of specialists from the Federal State Fire Department]. Sovremennyye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya =Modern Problems of Science and Education, 2015, no. 4, pp. 198.

12. Simonova O. S. Metodologicheskiye osnovaniya postroyeniya modeli pedagogicheskogo soprovozhdeniya professionalnoy adaptatsii sotrudnikov federalnogo pozharnogo nadzora [Methodological basis for the model of pedagogical support for the professional adaptation of federal fire inspectors]. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University, 2016, no. 1, pp. 26-31.

13. Simonova O. S. Organizatsiya tyutorskogo soprovozhdeniya professionalnoy adaptatsii sotrudnikov pozharnogo nadzora [Organization of tutoring support for the professional adaptation of fire safety officers]. Dostizheniya vuzovskoy nauki = Achievements of University Science, 2016, no. 20, pp. 87-91.

14. Simonova O. S. Istoriografiya problemy pedagogicheskogo soprovozhdeniya professionalnoy adaptatsii sotrudnikov federalnogo gosudarstvennogo pozharnogo nadzora [Historiography of the problem of pedagogical support for the professional adaptation of federal State fire inspectors]. Dostizheniya vuzovskoy nauki = Achievements of University Science, 2016, no. 20, pp. 93-98.

15. Sklyarova T. P., Mekhantyeva L. E., Petrova A. V., Sapronov G. I. Aktualnyye voprosy profilaktiki sostoyaniy dezadaptatsii u spetsialistov. uchastvuyushchikh v likvidatsii chrezvychaynykh situatsiy [Topical issues of prevention of conditions of unsuitability in specialists involved in emergency situations]. Nauchno-meditsinskiy vestnik Tsentralnogo Chernozemia = Scientific and Medical Bulletin of the Central Chernozem Region, 2014, no. 57, pp. 49-51.

16. Shevchenko T. I., Makarova N. V. Sravnitelnoye issledovaniye nervno-psikhicheskoy ustoychivosti u pozharnykh. gornospasateley i kursantov pozharno-spasatelnogo kolledzha [Comparative study of nerve resistance in firefighters, mountain rescue and fire rescue college cadets]. Mediko-biologicheskiye i sotsialno-psikhologicheskiye problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh = Medico-biological and Socio-psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, 2013, no. 1, pp. 74-77.

17. Zhilyakova Ju., Kostsova M. Viability as a factor of successful professional activity of firemen. Dostizheniya i perspektivy innovatsiy i tekhnologiy. Materialy VIII Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii studentov, aspirantov i molodykh uchenykh [Achievements and prospects of innovations and technologies. Materials of the VIII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Students, Postgraduates and Young Scientists]. Kerch', 2019, pp. 546-551.