Metaphorization and Metonymy as a Means of term Formation in the Field of International Law

   Relevance. The spread of the cognitive approach to the study of language also influenced the development of a new view of the term as a special lexical unit. Within the framework of cognitive research, terminological meaning is represented as a part of the concept that has a verbal expression. At the same time, the formation of the term occurs in the course of the implementation of a particular professional activity and proceeds as a cognitive process. The cognitive processes of metaphorization and metonymy are the most relevant in the study of terminological units.
   The purpose. Identification and description of the terms of international law of Russia, formed by metaphorization and metonymy, as well as the classification of terminological metaphors of this professional sphere.
   Methodology. By means of the continuous scanning method, a selection of terms formed by metaphor was made; using the method of component analysis, the prerequisites for metaphorical and metonymic transfer were revealed. The theory of conceptual metaphor served as the basis for identifying the source sphere in metaphorical term formation, as well as for classifying metaphor terms. The method of cognitive modeling made it possible to trace the direction of the nominator's thought in the formation of the terminological meaning. Using the method of statistical analysis, the most frequent groups of terms of international law were identified.
   Results. In the course of the study, a classification of terminological units formed metaphorically was made, and the most frequent type of terminological metaphors in the field of international law was identified. A number of terms were considered through cognitive models, which made it possible to identify the structural components that form the semantics of the metaphor. The use of metonymic models made it possible to trace the formation of new terminological meanings in the process of recategorization.
   Conclusion. Metaphor and metonymy are universal ways of thinking, being, among other things, tools that form the lexical base of the professional field (including in the field of international law). For the considered terminological system, the formation of metaphors of a structural type is most characteristic. When forming terms metonymically, the model “action→subject of action→place of action” is most often used.

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