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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lingusgu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета. Серия: Лингвистика и педагогика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Linguistics and Pedagogy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-151X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Юго-Западный государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lingusgu-104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика функциональной неграмотности: психолингвистический подход</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnosis of Functional Illiteracy: a Psycholinguistic Approach</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5714-146X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кружилина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruzhilina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Владиславовна Кружилина, кандидат филологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры</p><p>кафедра иностранных языков</p><p>305040</p><p>ул. 50 лет Октября, д. 94</p><p>Курск</p><p>Researcher ID: 738898</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Kruzhilina, Cand. of Sci. (Philological), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department</p><p>Department of Foreign Languages</p><p>305040</p><p>50 Let Oktyabrya str. 94</p><p>Kursk</p><p>Researcher ID: 738898</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.kruzhilina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Юго-Западный государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southwest State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кружилина Т.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кружилина Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kruzhilina T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lingusgu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/104">https://lingusgu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/104</self-uri><abstract><p>   Работа привлекает внимание к проблеме функциональной неграмотности. Изучается эволюция представлений о понятиях «грамотность» – «неграмотность» и «функциональная грамотность» –«функциональная неграмотность». Рассматривается система методов оценки и диагностики функциональной неграмотности, применяемых на современном этапе зарубежными исследователями. Диагностика проводится путём измерения у детей, молодежи и взрослых уровня грамотности (умение писать и читать) и других ключевых навыков. Отмечается, что функционально неграмотные взрослые показывают минимальные результаты в несложных заданиях на грамотность и понимание текстового сообщения. Отмечается, что научные знания о феномене функциональной неграмотности, о причинах её появления, о факторах, способствующих её развитию, о группах риска на разных этапах онтогенеза, о способах профилактики и коррекции – данные знания несистематезированы и разрозненны.</p><p>   Цели данного обзора – определить, кого можно считать функционально неграмотным; проследить различия между неграмотным и функционально неграмотным индивидом; определить структуру когнитивных дефицитов в отношении речевой способности; проследить причины возникновения и развития проблемы с позиций метаязыковой деятельности.</p><p>   Приводятся различные трактовки исследуемого феномена: от неспособности понимать прочитанный текст (узкая трактовка) до неспособности эффективно функционировать в обществе, вызванной невозможностью решать ежедневные жизненные задачи (широкая трактовка). В данной работе мы рассматриваем ФНг как неспособность извлекать информацию из прочитанного и применять её в профессиональной и бытовой сферах. Неспособность, о которой идёт речь, не имеет причинами психические, неврологические, сенсорные и когнитивные расстройства. Делается вывод о том, что суть феномена функциональной грамотности / неграмотности не является для многих исследователей и педагогов разных ступеней образования ясной и очевидной, налицо недостаточная информированность и смешивание понятий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The work draws attention to the problem of functional illiteracy. The evolution of ideas about the concepts of "literacy" – "illiteracy" and "functional literacy" – "functional illiteracy" is studied. A system of methods for assessing and diagnosing functional illiteracy used by foreign researchers at the present stage is considered. Diagnosis is carried out by measuring the level of literacy (the ability to write and read) and other key skills in children, youth and adults. It is noted that functionally illiterate adults show minimal results in simple tasks for literacy and understanding of a text message. It is noted that scientific knowledge about the phenomenon of functional illiteracy, the causes of its occurrence, the factors contributing to its development, risk groups at different stages of ontogenesis, methods of prevention and correction – this knowledge is unsystematic and scattered.</p><p>   The purpose of this review is to determine who can be considered functionally illiterate; to trace the differences between an illiterate and a functionally illiterate individual; to determine the structure of cognitive deficits in relation to speech ability; to trace the causes of the emergence and development of the problem from the standpoint of metalanguage activity.</p><p>   Various interpretations of the phenomenon under study are given: from the inability to understand the text being read (narrow interpretation) to the inability to function effectively in society caused by the inability to solve daily life tasks (broad interpretation). In this paper, we consider functional illiteracy as an inability to extract information from what we read and apply it in professional and household spheres. The disability in question is not caused by mental, neurological, sensory or cognitive disorders. It is concluded that the essence of the phenomenon of functional literacy / illiteracy is not clear and obvious for many researchers and teachers of different levels of education, there is insufficient awareness and confusion of concepts on the face.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональная неграмотность</kwd><kwd>речевая способность</kwd><kwd>онтогенез</kwd><kwd>метакогнитивная деятельность</kwd><kwd>метаязык</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional illiteracy</kwd><kwd>speech ability</kwd><kwd>ontogenesis</kwd><kwd>metacognitive activity</kwd><kwd>metalanguage</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чудинова В. П. Функциональная неграмотность – проблема развитых стран / В. П. Чудинова // Социологические исследования. – 1994. – № 3. – С. 98–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chudinova V. P. 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